新托福网考新写作题型举例解析

Writ***g bas*** on Read***g and Listen***g

　　Directions

　　F*** this task， you will first h**e five m***utes *** read a passage about an academ*** ***p***. You may take notes on the passage if you wish. The passage will then be remov*** and you will ***sten *** a lecture about the sa*** ***p***. While you ***sten， you may also take notes.

　　Then you will h**e 20 m***utes *** write a response *** a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the read***g passage. Try *** answer the question as ***mpletely as possible us***g ***f***mation from the read***g passage and the lecture. The question does not ask you *** express your personal op***ion. You will be able *** see the read***g passage aga*** when it is ti*** f*** you *** write. You may use your notes *** help you answer the question.

　　Typ***ally， an effective response will be 150 *** 225 w***ds long. Your response will be judg*** on the qua***ty of your writ***g and on the ***mplete***ss and a***uracy of the ***ntent. If you f***ish your response bef***e ti*** is up， you may c***ck on Next *** *** on *** the se***nd writ***g task.

　　Now you will see the read***g passage f*** five m***utes. Re***mber it will be **ailable *** you aga*** when you write im***diately after the read***g ti*** ends. The lecture will beg***， so keep your headset on until the lecture is over.

　　Directions：

　　You h**e 20 m***utes *** plan and write your response. Your response will be judg*** on the basis of the qua***ty of your writ***g and on how well your response presents the po***ts *** the lecture and their relationship *** the read***g passage. Typ***ally， an effective response will be 150 *** 225 w***ds.

　　A***ruism is a type of beh**i*** *** wh***h an animal sacrif***es its own ***terest f*** that of another animal *** group of animals. A***ruism is the oppo***e of selfish***ss； ***di***duals perf***m***g a***ruist*** acts ga*** noth***g f*** themselves.

　　Examples of a***ruism abound， both among humans and among other mammals. Unselfish acts among humans range from the shar***g of food with strangers *** the donation of body ***gans *** family ***mbers， and even *** strangers. Such acts are a***ruist*** *** that they be***fit another， yet pro***de ***ttle reward *** the o*** perf***m***g the act.

　　In fact， many species of animals appear wil***ng *** sacrif***e food， *** even their ***fe， *** assist other ***mbers of their group. The ***erkat， wh***h is a mammal that dwells *** burrows *** grassland areas of Afr***a， is often cit*** as an example. In groups of ***erkats， an ***di***dual acts as a sent***el， stand***g guard and look***g out f*** pr***a***rs while the others hunt f*** food *** eat food they h**e obta******. If the sent***el ***erkat sees a pr***a***r such as a hawk approach***g the group， it gives an alarm cry alert***g the other ***erkats *** run and seek she***er. By stand***g guard， the sent***el ***erkat ga***s noth***g—it ***es without food while the others eat， and it places itself *** gr**e danger. After it issues an alarm it has *** flee alo***， wh***h might make it m***e at risk *** a pr***a***r， s***ce animals *** groups are often able *** w***k ***gether *** fend off a pr***a***r. So the a***ruist*** sent***el beh**i*** helps ensure the sur***val of other ***mbers of the ***erkat‘s group.

　　Narra***r

　　Now ***sten *** part of a lecture on the ***p*** you just read about.

　　Profess***

　　You know， often *** science， ***w f***d***gs f***ce us *** re-exam***e ear***er be***efs and assumptions. And a recent study of ***erkats is h*****g exactly this effect. The study exam****** the ***erkat‘s beh**i*** quite closely， much m***e closely than had ever been do*** bef***e. And so*** ***terest***g th***gs were found……***ke about eat***g habits……it ***w*** that typ***ally ***erkats eat bef***e they stand guard —— so the o***s stand***g guard had a full s***mach！ And the study also found that s***ce the sent***el is the first *** see a pr***a***r ***m***g， it’s the most ***kely *** escape……bec***se it often stands guard ***ar a burrow， so it can run im***diately ****** the burrow after gi***ng the alarm. The other ***erkats， the o***s scatter*** about look***g f*** food， are actually *** greater danger.

　　And *** fact， other studies h**e suggest*** that when an animal creates an alarm， the alarm call might c***se the other group ***mbers either *** gather ***gether *** else *** move about very qu***kly， beh**i***s that might actually draw the pr***a***r‘s attention away from the caller， ***creas***g that animal’s own chances of sur***val.

　　And what about people——what about so*** human acts that might be ***nsider*** a***ruist***？ Let‘s take an extre*** case， uh， suppose a person donates a kid***y *** a relative， *** even *** a ***mplete stranger. A selfless act， right？ But ……doesn’t the don*** receive appreciation and approval from the stranger and from society？ Doesn‘t the don*** ga*** an ***creas*** sense of self w***th？ ***uldn’t such non-material rewards be ***nsider*** very valuable *** so*** people？

　　A***ruism is a type of beh**i*** *** wh***h an animal sacrif***es its own ***terest f*** that of another animal *** group of animals. A***ruism is the oppo***e of selfish***ss； ***di***duals perf***m***g a***ruist*** acts ga*** noth***g f*** themselves.

　　Examples of a***ruism abound， both among humans and among other mammals. Unselfish acts among humans range from the shar***g of food with strangers *** the donation of body ***gans *** family ***mbers， and even *** strangers. Such acts are a***ruist*** *** that they be***fit another， yet pro***de ***ttle reward *** the o*** perf***m***g the act.

　　In fact， many species of animals appear wil***ng *** sacrif***e food， *** even their ***fe， *** assist other ***mbers of their group. The ***erkat， wh***h is a mammal that dwells *** burrows *** grassland areas of Afr***a， is often cit*** as an example. In groups of ***erkats， an ***di***dual acts as a sent***el， stand***g guard and look***g out f*** pr***a***rs while the others hunt f*** food *** eat food they h**e obta******. If the sent***el ***erkat sees a pr***a***r such as a hawk approach***g the group， it gives an alarm cry alert***g the other ***erkats *** run and seek she***er. By stand***g guard， the sent***el ***erkat ga***s noth***g—it ***es without food while the others eat， and it places itself *** gr**e danger. After it issues an alarm it has *** flee alo***， wh***h might make it m***e at risk *** a pr***a***r， s***ce animals *** groups are often able *** w***k ***gether *** fend off a pr***a***r. So the a***ruist*** sent***el beh**i*** helps ensure the sur***val of other ***mbers of the ***erkat‘s group.

　　Question：

　　Summarize the po***ts made *** the lecture you just heard， expla******g how they cast doubt on po***ts made *** the read***g.

　　Narra***r

　　Summarize the po***ts made *** the lecture you just heard， expla******g how they cast doubt on po***ts made *** the read***g.

　　[剖析]

　　这是与读、听分离的著文工作。这一题型是闭于学问方面的，阅览文章叙述的是一个学问疑问，听力全体是讲堂讲课的节选，内容与阅览文章相关，可是从分歧的视角商议统一个疑问。听力中的内容有大概是支撑阅览文章的看法，也有大概是否决阅览文章中的内容。考生永恒必要总结听力中的看法，但同时必要论述听力中的看法与阅览文章中看法的联系。

　　阅览文章是闭于兽类的一种“损人利己”的举动，基础看法有：人类的“损人利己”的举动有好比：与人分享食物、捐赠器官。而后以***erkat这类兽类为例，阐明兽类也有“损人利己”的举动。Meerkat的几种举动阐明他们是“损人利己”的：担当保镳职务的***erkat正在同类佃猎或是用餐的时分，卖力察看是不是有仇敌凑近，一旦有仇敌凑近就收回警报以通告同类遁离，做出的就义便是不吃方向就站岗；收回警报后仅能单独遁离，增多了被捕食的凶险。听力全体从相同的视角否决这一看法，提出的看法有：***erkat的进食习性，新的发觉是站岗的***erkat实在上是第一个吃方向的，而不是饥着肚子站岗；站岗的***erkat站正在洞口邻近，一旦发觉凶险，能够即时跑进洞中，成为有大概遁离凶险的一个，那些东进来找食品的同类反倒更凶险。闭于人类捐赠器官，讲师以为实在捐赠者失去了社群的称赞，本身价钱的普及等非物资的报偿。

　　考生必要从3个方面举行比较商议：

　　阅览文章中的看法 听力中的看法

　　人类的器官捐赠是忘我的举动 人类的器官捐赠失去来自社群的供认和表彰。

　　***erkat卫兵不吃方向就去站岗 Meerkat为兵早于其同类用餐才去站岗

　　Meerkat卫兵被捕食的凶险大 ***erkat实在上是简便遁离凶险的

　　一样的，好的答复必定是让不听过交谈的人也能明了你正在讲些啥地答复。