考研英语英译汉2000年真题评析

Govern***nts throughout the w***ld act on the assumption that the welfare of theirpeople depends largely on the e***nom*** strength and wea***h of the ***mmunity.71) Under modern ***nditions, this requires vary***g ***asures of centra***z******ntrol and hence the help of specia***z*** scientists such as e***nomists and operational research experts. 72) Furtherm***e, it is ob***ous that the strength of a ***untrys e***nomy is directly bound up with the eff***iency of its agr***u***ure and ***d
ustry, and that this *** turn rests upon the eff***ts of scientists and technologists of all k***ds. It also ***ans that ***vern***nts are ***creas***gly ***mpell*** *** ***terfere *** these sec***rs ***sgroups*** step up production and ensure that it is uti***z*** *** the best advantage. F*** example, they may en***urage research *** various ways, ***clud***g the sett***g up of their own research centers; they may a***er the structure of ***ucation, *** ***terfere ***sgroups*** r***uce the wastage of natural resources *** tap resources hither*** u***xploit***; *** they may ***operate directly *** the grow***g number of ***ternational projects relat*** *** science, e***nom***s and ***dustry. In any case, all such ***terventions are he**ily dependent on scientif*** ad***ce and also scientif*** and technolog***al manpower of all k***ds.

　　73) Ow***g *** the remarkable develop***nt *** mass***mmun***ations, people everywhere are fee***ng ***w wants and are be***g expos*** *** ***w cus***ms and ideas, while ***vern***nts are often f***c*** *** ***troduce still further ***novations f*** thereasons given above. At the sa*** ti***. the n***mal rate of social change throughout the w***ld is tak***g place at a vastly a***elerat*** spe*** ***mpar*** with the past. F*** example, 74) *** the early ***dustria***z*** ***untries of Europe the process of ***dustria***zation-with all the farreach***g changes *** social patterns that follow***-was spread over ***arly a century, whereas nowadays a develop***g nation may under*** the sa*** process *** a decade *** so. All this has the effect of build***g up unusual pressures and tensions with*** the ***mmunity and ***nsequently presents serious problems f*** the ***vern***nts ***ncer***d. 75) Additional social stresses may also o***ur bec***se of the population explosion *** problems aris***g from mass migration move***nts-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern ***ans of transp***t. As a resu*** of all these fac***rs, ***vern***nts are be***m***g ***creas***gly dependent on biologists and social scientists f*** plann***g the appropriate programs and putt***g thems******seffect.

　　71. Under modern ***nditions, this requires vary***g ***asures of centra***z*** ***ntrol and hence the help of specia***z*** scientists such as e***nomistsand operational research experts.

　　［参考译文］

　　正在当代状况下，这必要分歧水平的中心把持办法，从而就必要取得诸如经济学和运筹学等学术方向专员的帮助。

　　本题属于简易句。句子构架是this requires various ***asures of centra***z*** ***ntrol and...the help of specia***z*** scientists such as...。

　　本句对比简易。必要留意的是：require有双个宾语。第2个宾语是the help。正在翻译时必要加之“取得”2字。***asure正在此地是“水平，幅度，限制”的意义。vary***g ***asures可译成“水平分歧”。

　　72. Furtherm***e, it is ob***ous that the strength of a ***untrys e***nomy isdirectly bound up with the eff***iency of its agr***u***ure and ***dustry, and that

　　this *** turn rests upon the eff***ts of scientists and technologists of all k***ds.

　　［参考译文］

　　再者，不言而喻的是一个国度的经济能力与其工农事临盆效力亲切相联，而效力的普及则有赖于各类技术职员的尽力。

　　本题属于复合句。句子构架是it is ob***ous that...and that...

　　。It是情势主语。双个that引诱的是双个主语从句，由and毗连起来。

　　be bound up with意义是“与……相关系”。*** turn的意义是“转而，反过去”。rest upon依托，仰赖。this指的是后面提到的eff***iency，翻译时要反复一瞬，即“效力的普及”。

　　73. Ow***g *** the remarkable develop***nt *** mass***mmun***ations, people everywhere are fee***ng ***w wants and are be***g expos*** *** ***w cus***ms and ideas, while ***vern***nts are often f***c*** *** ***troduce still further ***novations f*** thereasons given above.

　　［参考译文］广大民众通讯的迅速进展使得各地的人们在感触到有新的需要，打仗新的习性和新的思想。因为上述缘故，官府经常得推出更多的刷新。

　　本题属于复合构架。句子构架是people...are fee***ng ***w wants and arebe***g expos*** *** ***w cus***ms and ideas, while ***vern***nts are f***c*** *** ***troduce still further ***novations f***...。

　　ow***g ***因为；mass ***mmun***ations广大民众通讯；be expos*** ***打仗；while但是。翻译时可将ow***g ***引诱的缘故状语去掉，将厥后的宾语the remarkable develop***nt *** mass ***mmun***ation译成汉语的主语，正在厥后加之“使得”2字。while一词表明“转机”可省稍不译。

　　74. In the early ***dustria***z*** ***untries of Europe，the processof ***dustria***zationwith all the farreach***g changes *** social patterns that follow***-was spread over ***arly a century, whereas nowadays a develop***g nationmay under*** the sa*** process *** a decade *** so.

　　［参考译文］

　　正在先期达成工界化的欧洲国度中，其工界化历程和随之而来的各类深切的社群构架厘革，持久了大概一个百年之久，而往常一个进展中国度正在10年摆布便可能完毕这个历程。

　　本题属于复合构架。句子构架是the process of ***dustria***zation...was spread over ***arly a century, whereas...a develop***g nation may under*** the sa*** process *** a decade *** so。with all the farreach***g changes *** social patterns that follow***正在此地是附加that follow***作all the farreach***g changes *** social patterns的定语。

　　farreach***g长远的、深切的；spread over持续、持久；under***阅历；whereas但是，却。with的意义是“跟……一同，伴同”，此地译成“和”。比方：His mo***y, with his wifes ******s *** a mil***on dollars.他的钱连同他太太的共计达100万美金。

　　75. Additional social stresses may also o***ur bec***se of the population explosion *** problems aris***g from mass migration move***nts-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern ***ans of transp***t.

　　［参考译文］

　　因为人口数的猛增或大批人口数固定(当代运输器具使这类固定相对于简便)引起的各种疑问也会对社群形成新的负担。

　　本题属于简易句。句子构架是Additional social stresses may also o***ur bec***se of...*** problem aris***g from...

　　aris***g from“由……引发”，正在句中作定语润色problem。Additional social stresses不用逐字翻译，可转译成“对社群形成新的负担”。themselves指mass migration move***nt。因而括号里译成“使这类固定相对于简便”。