2009年考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记(三)
In spite of "endless talk of difference," USAn society is an amaz***g mach***e f*** homogeniz***g people. There is "the democratiz***g unif***mity of dress and dis***urse, and the casual***ss and absence of deference"characterist*** of popular cu***ure.People are abs***b*** ******"a cu***ure of ***nsumption" l***nch*** by the 19th century depart***nt s***res that offer*** "vast arrays of ***ods *** an elegant atmosphere. Instead of ***timate ***ps cater***g *** a knowl***geable e***te" these were s***res "anyo*** ***uld enter, regardless of class *** background. This tur***d ***pp***g ****** a pub***c and democrat*** act." The mass ***dia, advertis***g and sp***ts are other f***ces f*** homogenization.
Immigrants are qu***kly fitt***g ****** this ***mmon cu***ure, wh***h may not be a***ogether elevat***g but is hardly poisonous. Writ***g f*** the National Immigration F***um, Gre***ry Rodriguez rep***ts that ***day’s immigration is ***ither at unprec***ent*** levels n*** resistant *** assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; *** 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years pri*** *** 1990, 3.1 immigrants arriv*** f*** every 1,000 residents; *** the 10 years pri*** *** 1890, 9.2 f*** every 1,000.Now, ***nsider three ***d***es of assimilation-language, ho*** ow***rship and ***termarriage.
The 1990 Census reveal*** that "a maj***ity of immigrants from each of the fifteen most ***mmon ***untries of ***ig*** spoke Eng***sh ‘well’ *** ‘very well’ after ten years of residence." The children of immigrants tend *** be bi***ngual and prof***ient *** Eng***sh. "By the third ge***ration, the ***ig***al language is lost *** the maj***ity of immigrant fami***es." Hence the description of USA as a "gr**eyard" f*** language. By 1996 f***eign b***n immigrants who had arriv*** bef***e 1970 had a ho*** ow***rship rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native b***n USAns.
F***eign b***n Asians and Hispan***s "h**e higher rates of ***termarriage than do US b***n whites and blacks." By the third ge***ration, o*** third of Hispan*** wo***n are marri*** *** non Hispan***s, and 41 percent of Asian USAn wo***n are marri*** *** non Asians.
Rodriguez notes that children *** remote ***llages around the w***ld are fans of superstars ***ke Arnold Schwarze***gger and Garth Brooks, yet "so*** USAns fear that immigrants ******ng with*** the Unit*** States rema*** so***how immu*** *** the nation’s assimilative power."
Are there di***sive issues and pockets of seeth***g anger *** USA? Inde***. It is big enough *** h**e a bit of everyth***g. But part***ularly when ***ew*** aga***st USA’s turbulent past, ***day’s social ***d***es hardly suggest a dark and deteri***at***g social en***ron***nt.
21. The w***d "homogeniz***g" (L***e 2, Paragraph 1) most probably ***ans .
[A] identify***g
[B] associat***g
[C] assimilat***g
[D] monopo***z***g
22. A******d***g *** the ***th***, the depart***nt s***res of the 19th century .
[A] play*** a role *** the spread of popular cu***ure
[B] beca*** ***timate ***ps f*** ***mmon ***nsu***rs
[C] sati**i*** the ******s of a knowl***geable e***te
[D] ow*** its e***rgence *** the cu***ure of ***nsumption
23. The text suggests that immigrants now *** the US .
[A] are resistant *** homogenization
[B] exert a great ***fluence on USAn cu***ure
[C] are hardly a threat *** the ***mmon cu***ure
[D] ***nstitute the maj***ity of the population
24. Why are Arnold Schwarze***gger and Garth Brooks ***ntio***d *** Paragraph 5?
[A] To prove their popularity around the w***ld.
[B] To reveal the pub***c’s fear of immigrants.
[C] To give examples of su***es**ul immigrants.
[D] To ***w the powerful ***fluence of USAn cu***ure.
25. In the ***th***’s op***ion, the abs***ption of immigrants ****** USAn society is .
[A] reward***g
[B] su***es**ul
[C] fruitless
[D] harmful
absence1 n.①出席,不正在场;②不足,不
abs***b3 v.①吸取;②吸收,使一心
act11 v.①举动,办事;②(on)起效用;③演出;④(f***)代表,替代;n.①举动,举止;②(一)幕;③法则,规章
amaze5 v.使惊讶,使恐慌,使惊讶
array2 n.①一系列,大批;②分列;v.分列
assimilate2 v.①(被)吸取,(被)消化;②(使或被)夹杂
associate3 v.①(with)使联络,使团结;②来往,分离;n.协作人,同伴,共事,偕行;a.副的
atmosphere3 n.①大气(层);②气氛;③氛围,境地
***th***69 n.①作者;②开创人
background6 n.后台,阅历
cater1 ***.备办食品,满意(必要),迎合
census4 n.人口数普查(调研)
characterist***8 a.(of)独有的,特有的;n.特点,个性
***nstitute4 v.构成,组成
***nsumption4 n.消耗(量),损耗
cu***ure21 n.①教养,修养;②文明,文化
democrat***6 a.平易近主的
depart***nt5 n.①部,局,处,科,部分;②系,学部
description6 n.①刻画,描绘;②品种
deteri***ate1 v.(使)好转,(使)变坏
dis***urse1 n.演说,叙述,学术论文,讲道,交谈,议论;***.议论,演说
elegant3 a.雅致的,雅致的,精美的
elevate2 v.举起,降低
e***te4 n.①[总称]下层人士,掌权人物,能力团体;②卓尔不群的人(团体),精英
en***ron***nt12 n.境地,外界
exert3 v.尽(力),施加(负担等)
f***um1 n.服装论坛t.vhao.net,商议会
***ods9 n.货品,货品
hence6 ad.①今后,从此;②因而
identify10 v.①辨认,判别;②(with)把...和...当作同样,孤芳自赏
immigrant10 a.(从外洋)移来的,移平易近的;n.移平易近,外侨
immu***3 a.①免疫的,有免疫力的;②有受感化的;③免去的,宽免的
***dex3 n.([pl.]***dexes,***d***es)①索引;②指数,目标,标记;v.附以索引,编入索引
***fluence17 n.①(on)感化,传染感动;②权力,势力;v.感化,传染感动
***timate1 a.亲切的,亲切的
issue18 v.①流出,放出;②刊行,宣布,公布;n.①刊行(物),(报刊)期号;②疑问,争执点,争端
l***nch4 v.①发射;②使(船)上水;③启动,发展;n.发射,上水
note9 n.①记录,纪录;②案语,正文;③条子,短笺;④钞票,纸币;⑤表示,意见v.①记下,摘下;②标明,以为
***ig***5 n.①劈头,由来;②出生,来源
***ig***al3 a.①最后的,原始的,原文的;②创新的,有首创性的;n.原物,原作,原文
ow***rship4 n.一切(权),一切制
poisonous2 a.有毒的
powerful10 a.壮大的,无力的,有权的
pri***1 a./ad.①优先的,正在前的;②(***)正在...以前
rate31 n.①比率,率;②品级;③价钱,用度;v.①估价;②评级,评估
regardless1 a.①不留神的,不留意的;②(of)不论
remote1 a.①远的,悠久的;②偏僻的,偏远的;③联系冷漠的
residence1 n.①住处,室庐;②寓居
resident4 n.住民,常住者;a.寓居的
resistant2 a.(***)反抗的,有反抗力的
reveal8 v.呈现,显现,展现,揭发,告知,保守
role22 n.①职责;②效用,工作
social38 a.①社群的;②交际的,外交的;n.交际行动
spite1 n.①歹意;②仇恨;③(*** ~ of)虽然
tend26 v.①趋势,通常是;②照顾,关照
threat9 n.①吓唬,恐吓;②坏兆头,凶险迹象
turbulent1 a.猛烈的,无秩序井然的
***ew28 n.①景色,风光;②看法,观点;③察看,观赏;④眼界;v.对待,察看,思索
abs***ption1 n.吸取
a******d***g47 ad.按照,依据
advertise12 v.做广告宣传
assimilation3 n.夹杂,夹杂效用
assimilative1 a.夹杂的
bi***ngual1 a.能说两种言语的
casual***ss1 a.偶尔的,不经意的
***nsu***r20 n.消耗者
deference1 n.依从, 敬重
democratize1 v.(使)平易近主化
di***sive1 a.***的
e***rgence5 n.出现,显现
gr**eyard1 n.坟场
harmful5 a.无害的,损害的
homogenization1 n.(均)匀化,同质化
homogenize1 v.均质化
immigration1 n.外来的移平易近,搬家出境
***termarriage2 n.攀亲,外族娶亲
knowl***geable1 a.学识博学的,有眼界的
***dia9 n.媒介
monopo***ze1 vt.独有,把持
popularity5 n.提高,盛行
prof***ient1 a.粗通的,纯熟的测验大服装论坛t.vhao.net
reward***g2 a.无益的, 有价值的
seeth***g1 a.炽热的, 沸腾的
superstar2 n.超等艺人
unif***mity1 n.一致,分歧
unprec***ent***1 a.绝后的
难句1
There is "the democratiz***g unif***mity of dress and dis***urse, and the casual***ss and absence of deference"characterist*** of popular cu***ure.
[语法解析]本句是there is 构架,引号内的双个名词短语是characterist*** of popular cu***ure的详细阐明,为定语;
[本句难点]定语全体较长,由双个名词短语组成;
[手法对策]本句there is构架中,主语为characterist*** of popular cu***ure,而后再解析其余全体;
[例句精译](正在usa)有人们正在服饰协议吐上布衣化的分歧,也有usa正在盛行文明不以为意、为所欲为的典范格调上的分歧。
难句2
Immigrants are qu***kly fitt***g ****** this ***mmon cu***ure, wh***h may not be a***ogether elevat***g but is hardly poisonous.
[语法解析]
1. 本句构架为:主句+从句,wh***h引诱的定语从句润色this ***mmon cu***ure;
2. 定语从句中包孕了一个not...but...构架;
[本句难点]本句相对于简易;
[手法对策]找出主句从句,而后解析各自立干全体;
[例句精译]本国来的移平易近非常快就融入了这类文明,这(对usa文明)或许无甚大助,但最少也无甚大害。
难句3
By 1996 f***eign b***n immigrants who had arriv*** bef***e 1970 had a ho*** ow***rship rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native b***n USAns.
[语法解析]
1.本句骨干为:...f***eignb***n immigrants...had a ho*** ow***rship rate of 75.6 percent...;
2. immigrants前面是who引诱的定语从句润色immigrants,who正在从句中作主语;
3. higher than是对比构架,做a ho*** ow***rship rate of 75.6 percent的后置定语;
[本句难点]重要是从句联系繁杂;
[手法对策]起首找出主句骨干,而后再解析从句和其余润色成份;
[例句精译]到1996年为止,1970年前离开usa的本国出世的移平易近具有75.6%的室庐率,这比usa外国人的69.8%的具有率还高。
难句4
Rodriguez notes that children *** remote ***llages around the w***ld are fans of superstars ***ke Arnold Schwarze***gger and Garth Brooks, yet "so*** USAns fear that immigrants ******ng with*** the Unit*** States rema*** so***how immu*** *** the nation’s assimilative power."
[语法解析]
1. 本句是用转机词yet毗连的双个分句;
2. 第一个分句骨干构架是:Rodriguez notes + that引诱的宾语从句;宾语从句的骨干构架是:children...are fans of superstars...;
3. 第2个分句骨干构架是:so*** USAn fear + that引诱的宾语从句,宾语从句的构架对比简易;
[本句难点]重要是句子构架和从句联系繁杂;
[手法对策]看到转机词yet把句子分红先后双个分句,再分手找出各自的主句骨干和从句骨干,便可对比好的领悟本句;
[例句精译]Rodriguez指出,全球遥远区域的孩子都崇敬阿诺德·施瓦辛格和加思·布鲁克斯那样的超等艺人,但是"另有全体usa人忧虑,住正在usa国际的移平易近依旧不为国度的交融力所动。"
21.[解答]C
[剖析]本文讲了usa正在夹杂移平易近方面的胜利。文章起始就谈到了:"固然相关于差别的无停止的议论,可是usa社群实在是一部使人惊奇的夹杂人的机械"。这就使咱们遐想到usa这个移平易近国度的多元化和一致性(比方:政纲上有共和党和平易近主党;右派有**,左派有3K党;人种上有白人、黑人、黄种人;文明上有欧洲文明、亚洲文明、非洲文明等等。外表上不成协调,但身为usa人以后,又有着某种情势上何等奇异的一致:众人都讲着美式英语,穿戴牛崽裤,吃着麦当劳,看着好莱坞***和NBA篮球赛等等。)
依据查找阅览法看完首段,众人应即刻来做21题。这时候,假如有点构词法知识,该何等好!(这也是考研英语提纲中的基础需求)。依据构词法,homo表明"独特,夹杂",如homology,homologue,homograph,homogenize,最多见的是homosex:异性恋。如许,咱们基础上可扫除A:"识别"和B:"联络"。至于D:monopo***z***g,mono这个前缀表明"独自",比方:monobloc:单块的,monochro***:单色,monocyte:单核细胞,monolog:独白......,而选项D"把持"也基础上能够扫除了。故准确选项为C:assimilat***g。家喻户晓,similar为"类似的",又知某个词汇前加"a"正在构词法上表明增强语气"用力做",即"使一样或类似,夹杂"。
万一不会构词法也无碍,笔者正在《考研英语积年真题阅览领悟精读记录》一书中解说阅览技艺时谈到过"辞汇类选项"应当看上、下文。从上文看:固然人们正在议论着usa的庞大差别,可是usa十分地一致(In spite of=A***hough),以是homogeniz***g必定与上文的difference相同,由于这双个词正在"固然......,可是......"中一前一后,意义必定截然相同。而从下文看,homogeniz***g又与unif***mity是分歧的:(f***m为"情势",uni为"一";如:unify:一致;unique:唯一的;unite,union,unity......等等。以是,unif***m为"情势的一致","统一"等)。以是,考研提纲中的罕见构词法仍是要看一看的。
22.[解答]A
[剖析]疑问是:"按作者说法,19百年的百货百货公司......"。众人明白,第一段重要谈usa外表上有差别,似乎人心涣散,本色上十分分歧,举例子时谈到了usa人服饰的一致(牛崽裤等),言论上的一致(美式英语),也谈到了买物风格上的一致(usa人买物广泛是巨大咧咧、为所欲为)--而这类风格恰是19百年发生的广大民众化百货百货公司所培植起来的,以是选A。至于选项B:这类19百年的百货公司"对布衣广大民众消耗者有亲和力"是不合错误的,由于原文的***timate是指对e***te有亲和力的那种商铺,而非这类百货公司。选项C:这类19百年的百货公司"满意有学识的精英们的需要",这不合错误,原文的***timate ***ps才满意精英们的需要。而选项D错正在它说:这类19百年的百货公司是由"一种布衣消耗文明的显现所促生的。"错!先有了这类百货公司,才促生了usa布衣的广大民众消耗文明,而不是相同,以是,此题错正在把因果弄倒置了。仅看完了第一段,便可以答复两道疑问了,可见查找式阅览法是何等省时而又有效啊!
23.[解答]C
[剖析]第2段开首就谈到了"本国来的移平易近非常快就溶入了这类文明,这对(usa文明)或许无甚大助(elevat***g),但最少也无甚大害(hardly poisonous)"。以是选C,仅不外把描绘词poisonous换成为了名词threat罢了,铭记:越换同义词的细节题,越大概是解答。选项A、B显著不合错误。至于D,从第2段数目中也能够看出是差错的。
24.[解答]D
[剖析]看完第2段后,先不急于看3、4段,而应先看24题问的是啥?这便是查找阅览法。24题问:"第5段中,为何要提(usa影星)施瓦辛格和布鲁克斯?"这就即是告知咱们,第3、4段基础上能够不看,(最少也应当看得快点!只管一掠而过。由于它们与疑问有关!)而细看第5段后咱们发觉:施瓦辛格等乃至遭到了全球远远旮旯里乡村孩子们的喜欢,可见usa文明的感化是何等壮大啊!可是(yet),仍是有usa人忧虑它不敷壮大,怕新来的移平易近不受其感化。故选D,提到施瓦辛格是标明usa文明感化力之壮大。可见"可是"(but ,yet,however,a***hough,***vertheless)一词的分量是非常重的。"可是"先后,必定要子细品尝。
25.[解答]B
[剖析]最初一段谈到:usa人就那末一致,岂非不一致看法吗?固然了,usa这么大,不成能是铁板一块。可是(又是这个"可是"),(请留意本题问作者的立场,而作者的意义经常藏正在But前面),跟以前的动乱比拟较(如方向征战,黑人的平易近权活动等等),昔日的usa社群并未显示出更昏暗和更好转的社群境地--弦外之音,咱们的社群一致做得仍是蛮胜利的!故选B。C、D为否认,固然不合错误。至于A,与第2段首句抵触,也是不合错误的。
虽然人们正在无停止地议论着usa社群的差别,但usa社群实在是一部可以夹杂人的奇妙机械。(正在usa)有人们正在服饰协议吐上布衣化的分歧,也有usa正在盛行文明不以为意、为所欲为的典范格调上的分歧。同时,usa人也都(分歧地)沉浸于一种由19百年的百货百货公司所发轫的"消耗文明"。这种的百货百货公司正在雅致的境地中给主顾供应大批的货品。它们分歧于以前那种仅投合有学识的精英并使他们感应亲近的商铺,而是为广大民众而设:任一人均可以出来,不分阶层和后台。这就把消耗变为了一种广大民众化的布衣举动。广大民众媒体、广告宣传和运动活动则是另类的夹杂力气。
本国来的移平易近非常快就溶入了这类文明,这(对usa文明)或许无甚大助,但最少也无甚大害。Gre***ry Rodriguez为《国度移平易近服装论坛t.vhao.net》撰写文章,他正在报导中指出,往常移平易近人数既不革新高,也不回绝被夹杂。1998年,移平易近占usa人口数总数的9.8%,而1990年移平易近人口数所占比例是13.6%。正在1990年前的10年间,每1,000名住民中有3.1个移平易近,而正在1890年前的10年中,每1,000个住民中有9.2个移平易近。如今要思索一瞬夹杂的3个指数:言语,住房具有状况和通婚。
1990年的人口数普查标明,"105个最重要的移平易近来历国中的大全体移平易近,假寓usa10年后就可以将英语说的‘好’或‘非常好’"。移平易近的孩子通常讲双语,粗通英语。"到了第3代,母语就正在大多半家中消逝了。"因而,usa被说成是"言语的坟场"。到1996年为止,1970年前离开usa的本国出世的移平易近具有75.6%的室庐率,这比usa外国人的69.8%的具有率还高。
外洋出世的亚裔和西班牙裔"外族通婚率也比usa出世的白人和黑人高"。到了第3代,3分之一的西班牙裔女性嫁给了非西班牙裔男士,而41%的亚裔女性与非亚裔人娶亲。
Rodriguez指出,全球遥远区域的孩子都崇敬阿诺德·施瓦辛格和加思·布鲁克斯那样的超等艺人,但是"另有全体usa人忧虑,住正在usa国际的移平易近依旧不为国度的交融力所动。"
usa生存***疑问和*区域吗?没错。这个国度太大,以致于样样方向城市有一点的。可是,当咱们审阅usa以前的*时,今日的各项社群目标并无标明(更)昏暗和好转的社群境地。
21.(首段2行)"homogeniz***g"一词最大概的意义是:
[A]识别
[B]联络
[C]夹杂
[D]把持
22.依照作者的说法,19百年的大百货百货公司(s***res)。
[A] 正在广大民众盛行文明的宣扬方面表演侧重要职责
[B] 成为了对平常消耗者有亲和力的商铺(***ps)
[C] 满意了有学识的精英阶级的必要
[D] 把它的显现归因于广大民众消耗文明(的显现)
23.本文标明usa如今的移平易近。
[A] 反对夹杂
[B] 对usa文明施加庞大感化
[C] 对(usa的这类)广大民众文明差不多不组成啥恐吓
[D] 组成了(usa)人口数的大多半
24.为何第5段中提到施瓦辛格和布鲁克斯?
[A](为了)证实他们正在全球各地都受迎接。
[B](为了)标明社会大众对移平易近们的忧虑可怕。
[C](为了)举一些胜利移平易近的例子。
[D](为了)标明usa文明具备的壮大感化力。
25.正在作者看来,usa社群对移平易近的吸纳是。
[A] 有回报的
[B] 胜利的
[C] 毫无成效的
[D]无害的
TEXT 2
Stratf***d on **on, as we all know, has o***y o*** ***dustry-Wil***am Shakespeare-but there are two dist***ctly separate and ***creas***gly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare ***mpany (RSC), wh***h presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Mem***ial Theatre on the **on. And there are the ***wn**olk who largely ***ve off the ***urists who ******, not *** see the plays, but *** look at An*** Hathaway’s ***ttage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.
The w***thy residents of Stratf***d doubt that the theatre adds a penny *** their revenue. They frankly dis***ke the RSC’s ac***rs, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and nois***ess. It’s all de***ciously iron*** when you ***nsider that Shakespeare, who earns their ******ng, was himself an ac***r (with a beard) and did his share of noise mak***g.
The ***urist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who ****** by bus-and often take *** Warw***k Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side-don’t usually see the plays, and so*** of them are even surpris*** *** f***d a theatre *** Stratf***d. However, the play***ers do manage a ***ttle sight see***g along with their play******g. It is the play***ers, the RSC ***ntends, who br***g *** much of the ***wn’s revenue bec***se they spend the night (so*** of them four *** five nights) pour***g cash ****** the hotels and rest***rants. The sightseers can take *** everyth***g and get out of ***wn by nightfall.
The ***wn**olk don’t see it this way and local ***uncil does not ***ntribute directly *** the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare ***mpany. Stratf***d cries po*** traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel *** ***wn seems *** be add***g a ***w w***g *** ***cktail lounge. Hi***on is build***g its own hotel there, wh***h you may be sure will be de***rat*** with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banquet***g Room, and so f***th, and will be very expensive.
Anyway, the ***wn**olk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare ***mpany ******s a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance re***rds f*** three years *** a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 per cent o***upi*** all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of ***urse, is that ***sts h**e rocket*** and t***ket pr***es h**e stay*** low.
It would be a sha*** *** raise pr***es ***o much bec***se it would drive away the young people who are Stratf***d’s most attractive c***entele. They ****** entirely f*** the plays, not the sights. They all seem *** look a***ke (though they ****** from all over)-lean, po***t***, d******at*** faces, wear***g jeans and sandals, eat***g their buns and b***d***g down f*** the night on the flags******s outside the theatre *** buy the 20 seats and 80 stand***g room t***kets held f*** the sleepers and sold *** them when the box off***e opens at 10:30 a.m.
26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that .
[A] the ***wn**olk deny the RSC’s ***ntribution *** the ***wn’s revenue
[B] the ac***rs of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage
[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on ***od terms
[D] the ***wn**olk earn ***ttle from ***urism
27. It can be ***ferr*** from Paragraph 3 that .
[A] the sightseers cannot ****** the Castle and the Palace separately
[B] the play***ers spend m***e mo***y than the sightseers
[C] the sightseers do m***e ***pp***g than the play***ers
[D] the play***ers *** *** no other places *** ***wn than the theater
28.By say***g"Stratf***d cries po*** traditionally"(L***e 2,Paragraph 4),the ***th*** imp***es that .
[A] Stratf***d cannot aff***d the expansion projects
[B] Stratf***d has long been *** f***ancial diff***u***ies
[C] the ***wn is not really ***rt of mo***y
[D] the ***wn**olk us*** *** be po***ly paid
29. A******d***g *** the ***wn**olk, the RSC deserves no subsidy bec***se .
[A] t***ket pr***es can be rais*** *** ***ver the spend***g
[B] the ***mpany is f***ancially ill manag***
[C] the beh**i*** of the ac***rs is not socially a***eptable
[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise
30. From the text we can ***nclude that the ***th*** .
[A] is supp***tive of both sides
[B] f*****s the ***wn**olk’s ***ew
[C] takes a detach*** attitude
[D] is sympathet*** *** the RSC
aff***d4 v.①担任得起,买得起,花得起(时辰);②供应,赋予
a***ke2 a.一样的,相像的
attendance1 n.加入,列席
attitude14 n.①(***,***wards)立场,见解;②姿式
attractive3 a.有吸收力的,引发爱好的,感人的
***th***69 n.①作者;②开创人
banquet1 n.宴会;v.赴宴
beard2 n.髯毛
beh**i***15 n.①举动,行为举止;②(机械的)个性
cash4 n.现金,现款;v.兑现,付(或收)现款
***nclude5 v.①终结,闭幕;②判定,下论断;③缔结,议定
***ntend3 v.①竞赛,奋斗;②刚强提议,宣称,以为
***ntribute6 v.①(***)奉献,捐助,捐赠;②投稿
***ntribution4 n.①奉献;②捐赠(物);③效用,感化;④要素,成分
***uncil2 n.理事会,委员会,议事机构
de***rate1 v.装点,装潢,安排
d******ate5 v.贡献,把...用正在
deny5 v.①否定,否认;②回绝
deserve4 v.应受,有价值
detach2 v.分隔,拆开
directly10 ad.①间接地,径直地;②即刻,即时
dis***ke1 n./v.不喜爱,憎恶
doubt8 n./v.疑虑,疑虑
expansion2 n.①扩大,收缩;②伸开,舒展
f***ancial11 a.财务的,财经的
f***th2 ad.往前,向外;(back and ~)往返地
hamburger1 n.汉堡包,牛肉饼
hostile2 a.对抗的,敌方的,仇意的
imitate2 v.①仿效,仿效;②仿制,假造
imply12 v.意指,含...意义,表示
***creas***gly11 ad.持续增多地,日趋
***fer21 v.推理,判断
jeans1 n.斜纹布裤,牛崽裤
lean2 v.①歪斜,躬身;②倚,靠,依靠;a.①瘦的,无脂肪的;②精壮的,效力高的;③瘠薄的
local9 a.①地点的,外地的;②全部的
lounge2 n.休憩室,起居室,客堂
***m***ial1 a.回忆的,缅怀的;n.缅怀物,缅怀碑,缅怀馆
***vertheless7 ***nj./ad.固然云云
o***upy2 v.①占,占用;②占有,占据;③填满;④忙于,处置
present16 a.①列席的,加入的;②如今的,今朝的;n.①如今,今朝;②赠品,赠品;v.①赠(送),呈献;②先容,阐述;③提出,呈交;④演出
project8 n.计划,规划,工程;v.①投射,放映;②(使)凸出,(使)伸出;③策划计划
reason26 n.①缘由,缘故;②感性,明智;v.①推理,逻辑推断;②劝服,评理;③商议,争辩
resident4 n.住民,常住者;a.寓居的
revenue7 n.财务收益,税赋
rocket1 n.火箭;v.剧增
royal4 a.①王室的,皇家的;②最高级的,卑贱的
seat3 n.①坐位,底座;②地点地,场合;v.使坐下,布置坐位
stream3 n.①小河,小溪;②车水马龙的东西;v.流出,涌
subsidy2 n.津贴金,补助
superb1 a.极好的,高品质的
sympathet***1 a.怜悯的,共识的
***ew28 n.①景色,风光;②看法,观点;③察看,观赏;④眼界;v.对待,察看,思索
w***thy2 a.①(of)有价值...的,配患上...的;②可尊崇的,有价钱的
a******d***g47 ad.按照,依据
birthplace1 n.出生地
bun1 n.小圆麵包
c***entele1 n.客户
***cktail1 n.鸡尾酒
de***ciously1 ad.佳肴地,香气地
dist***ctly2 ad.清晰地,明显
f***ancially2 ad.财务上,财经上
flags******1 n.石片
frankly2 n.坦率地,真挚地
iron***1 a.说反话的,嘲讽的
nightfall1 n.傍晚
nois***ess1 n.喧闹
play***er2 n.爱看戏的人
play******g1 n.看戏
sandal2 n.凉鞋,便鞋
sightseer2 n.参观客
socially2 ad.正在交际方面,正在社群身份上
***urism1 n.参观职业,观光
***wn**olk3 n.市平易近,住民
traditionally3 ad.习俗地,常规地
难句1
Stratf***d on **on, as we all know, has o***y o*** ***dustry-Wil***am Shakespeare-but there are two dist***ctly separate and ***creas***gly hostile branches.
[语法解析]
1. 本句为but毗连的双个分句;
2. 第一个分句骨干为:Stratf***d on **on...has...o*** ***dustry...,个中,as we know为拔出语,双个破折号之间的 Wil***am Shakespeare是对o*** ***dustry的增补阐明;
3. 第2个分句为there be构架,句子骨干是:there are two...buanches;
[本句难点]句子联系对比繁杂;
[手法对策]依据转机连词but把句子分红先后双个句子,分手找出各自的骨干,再解析其余成份;个中,Wil***am Shakespeare不是人名大概一个行业,而是一个牌子;
[例句精译]家喻户晓,Stratf***d on **on镇仅有一个行业--威廉·莎士比亚业--可是,却生存着双个一模一样而且愈来愈相互对抗的分支。
难句2
And there are the ***wn**olk who largely ***ve off the ***urists who ******, not *** see the plays, but *** look at An*** Hathaway’s ***ttage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.
[语法解析]
1. 本句骨干构架为:there are the ***wnfolk...;
2. ***wnfolk前面是who引诱的定语从句润色***wnfolk,who正在从句中作主语;
3. 此定语从句中还包孕了一个who引诱的定语从句润色the ***urists,别的本句还包孕一个not...but...构架;Shakespeares birthplace是An*** Hathaway’s ***ttage的同位语;
[本句难点]从句联系对比繁杂;
[手法对策]起首找出句子的骨干构架,而后再解析从句联系;留意从句中的not...but...构架;
[例句精译]另外一边则是靠旅客营生的市平易近们,那些旅客来这儿不是为了看戏,而是为了看An*** Hathaway茅屋、莎翁的出世地和其余旅游景区。
难句3
It’s all de***ciously iron*** when you ***nsider that Shakespeare, who earns their ******ng, was himself an ac***r (with a beard) and did his share of noise mak***g.
[语法解析]
1. 本句句子骨干构架是:Its...iron***...;
2. iron***前面是when引诱的状语从句,此状语从句中包孕一个that引诱的宾语从句,作为***nsider的宾语;
3. 此宾语从句中包孕双个谓语was和did;
4.双个逗号之间的全体是who引诱的非制约性定语从句,润色Shakespeare;
[本句难点]重要是从句联系对比繁杂,另有拔出语的感化;
[手法对策]找出句子骨干,忽视拔出语的感化,而后再解析从句构架;
[例句精译]而当你想到为该镇住民创新了营生方法的莎士比亚自己也是个演员,也留着髯毛,也制作噪声时,那就极具嘲讽象征了!
难句4
It is the play***ers, the RSC ***ntends, who br***g *** much of the ***wn’s revenue bec***se they spend the night (so*** of them four *** five nights) pour***g cash ****** the hotels and rest***rants.
[语法解析]
1. 本句是一个夸大构架:It is...who...,夸大的是主语;
2. bec***se引诱缘故状语从句,双个逗号之间的 the RSC ***ntends是拔出语;
[本句难点]夸大构架;拔出语的感化;
[手法对策]本句夸大构架夸大的是主语,本句基础句型为:夸大构架+缘故状语从句;
[例句精译]因而皇家表演企业的演员们争论说:恰是这些看戏客们带来了小镇的大全体收益,由于他们要留宿(有人乃至住4、5夜),这就把大批的财帛消耗正在镇旅店和饭铺里。
难句5
They all seem *** look a***ke (though they ****** from all over) -lean, po***t***, d******at*** faces, wear***g jeans and sandals, eat***g their buns and b***d***g down f*** the night on the flags******s outside the theatre *** buy the 20 seats and 80 stand***g room t***kets held f*** the sleepers and sold *** them when the box off***e opens at 10:30 a.m.
[语法解析]
1. 本句骨干构架是:They all seem *** look a***ke...,破折号前面的lean,po***t***,d******at*** faces增补阐明这些人的外貌;
2. 厥后是3个并列的如今分词词组:wear***g,eat***g和b***d***g down表明伴同的状况;
3. 不定式构架*** buy the 20 seats and 80 stand***g room t***kets是宗旨状语;
4.厥后是seats和t***kets的后置定语:held f*** the sleepers and sold *** them;
5.when引诱时辰状语从句;
[本句难点]句子对比长,从句联系对比繁杂;
[手法对策]起首找出主句和从句的联系,而后找出主句和从句的骨干构架,再解析其余润色成份;
[例句精译]他们看起来都非常相像(虽然他们来自各地)--精瘦的、机敏的、恭敬的面庞,穿戴牛崽裤和便鞋,吃着麵包,正在剧场外的石片地上打地铺留宿以便购置第二天上半天10点半剧场售票处开门时特地留给他们的那20张座票和80张站票。
26.[解答]A
[剖析]本文先容了莎士比亚家乡的状况。第一段谈到了正在莎士比亚的家乡,有两派:一派是剧团的演员;另外一派是镇上的住民。看完此段咱们来做26题(查找式阅览法),却发觉无法做,由于26题问:"重新两段中,......。"咱们仅好再看第2段(查找阅览,此之谓也)。选项B与D均无实事根据,而C也不合错误:原文是RSC与镇上的***wn**olk反面,没讲RSC中又分两派。故仅能选A:镇上住民不以为剧团对该镇的经济做出了啥奉献。(doubt 此处可译为"不信任",牛津双解字典中为"question the truth of...")
27.[解答]B
[剖析]疑问问从第3段得出啥推理,看完第3段可知(又是查找式阅览法):看戏客们由于看戏而要正在此地留宿(偶然候乃至3、4夜),以是比参观客们费钱大自然要多。
28.[解答]C
[剖析]本题问道作者说"Stratf***d镇(官府)习俗上喜爱"哭穷",象征着啥?"哭穷"固然不是真穷,这从下文"可是"(Nevertheless)后能够看出。(又是"可是"):一边"哭穷","可是"却另外一边又正在大兴土木。以是选C:"哭穷"其实不是真缺钱。至于选项D中的po***ly是指"低劣地,非常少地",为搅扰项。
29.[解答]D
[剖析]看完第5段可知:该镇住民其实不以为官府应当给剧团补助,由于他们的上座率非常高嘛!故选D。
30.[解答]D
[剖析]咱们从文中多处能够看出作者其实不支撑市平易近们这一方。好比,第2段提到,镇上住民厌恶演员,却不知为镇上住民们(who earns their ******ng)带来营生方法的莎翁自己也是个演员。又如:第4段,市官府哭穷不帮助剧团,"可是"真穷为何能大兴土木呢?可见其实不穷。(弦外之音:那为何不协助剧团呢?)留意:作者立场常藏正在"可是"一词前面。
家喻户晓,Stratf***d on **on镇仅有一个行业--威廉·莎士比亚业--可是,却生存着双个一模一样而且愈来愈相互对抗的分支。一边是皇家莎士比亚表演企业(RSC),它正在该镇莎士比亚缅怀剧场演出莎翁的戏曲创作。另外一边则是靠旅客营生的市平易近们,那些旅客来这儿不是为了看戏,而是为了看An*** Hathaway茅屋,莎翁的出世地和其余旅游景区。
Stratf***d 镇可敬的住民们不信任剧场能给他们带来哪怕是一个便士的收益。他们非常坦率本人不喜爱RSC的演员们,那些人留着长发,蓄着髯毛,穿戴便鞋,吵闹闹闹。而当你想到为该镇住民创新了营生方法的莎士比亚自己也是个演员,也留着髯毛,也制作噪声时,那就极具嘲讽象征了!
旅客们却并未完整分流。坐大客车来的参观客们(一般也顺路看一瞬沃里克古堡和布伦海姆皇宫)一样平常不看戏,个中有些人看到该镇居然有一个剧院时还会感应惊奇。可是,看戏的人正在看戏的同时却老是想法举行一点参观的。因而皇家表演企业的演员们争论说:恰是这些看戏客们带来了小镇的大全体收益,由于他们要留宿(有人乃至住4、5夜),这就把大批的财帛消耗正在镇旅店和饭铺里。而参观客却能正在夜幕到临前看完一切旅游景区,离去城镇。
镇上的市平易近们可不这么看疑问,而镇议政厅(市官府)也不会间接拨款帮助补助表演企业。该镇习俗上喜爱哭穷。可是,差不多镇上的每个旅店都正在大兴土木,扩建新的侧楼或制作鸡尾酒堂屋。希尔顿大饭铺也在建本人的旅店,并且确认会装修出像哈姆雷特汉堡酒廊、李尔王休憩厅、班柯晏会厅如许的建筑物物,其价钱将确认会格外贵重。
不论奈何,镇上的住民也不克不及领悟为何皇家莎士比亚表演企业必要财务补助(剧场已一连3年冲破上座率。客岁,它的1431个坐位到达整年94%的上座率,往年还会更好)。固然,确实的缘故是物价正在飞涨而票价却一向保持得非常低。
跌价太多将是光荣的,由于这将会赶走对Stratf***d小镇最入神的年老客户。他们完整是为看戏而不是为参观而来的。他们看起来都非常相像(虽然他们来自各地)--朴素的,机敏的,恭敬的面庞,穿戴牛崽裤和便鞋,吃着麵包,正在剧场外的石片地上打地铺留宿以便购置第二天上半天10:30剧场售票处开门时特地留给他们的那20张座票和80张站票。
26.从开首两段中,咱们可知:。
[A]镇上的住民们不以为RSC为该镇的收益做出了啥奉献
[B]RSC的演员们正在台下台下都仿效莎士比亚
[C]RSC中的两派联系欠好
[D]镇上的住民们从旅行业收益未几
27.从第3段中能够逻辑推断出:。
[A]旅客们不克不及把古堡和皇宫分隔来考察
[B]看戏客比参观客花更多的钱
[C]参观客比看戏客买物更多
[D]看戏客正在镇里仅去剧场(而其实不去参观)
28.(第4段2~3行)"Stratf***d市(官府)哭穷"是啥意义?
[A]该市拿不出扩建工程的用度。
[B]该市临时处于财务宽裕当中。
[C]该市其实不是真缺钱。
[D]市平易近们曾经经人为都非常低。
29.依照市平易近的见解,不该该补助RSC,由于:
[A]票价能够下跌以弥补开销的用度
[B]企业财务上营运不善(干吗要给他们钱)
[C]演员们的举动是难以承受的(以是不克不及给他们钱)
[D]剧院上座率还正在上涨(干吗还要再给钱)
30.从本文得出论断,作者:。
[A]支撑双方
[B]支撑市平易近们的看法
[C]对两边争吵淡然视之
[D]怜悯RSC
TEXT 3
When prehis***r*** man arriv*** *** ***w parts of the w***ld, so***th***g strange happe***d *** the large animals. They sudde***y beca*** ext***ct. Smaller species sur***v***. The large, slow grow***g animals were easy ga***, and were qu***kly hunt*** *** ext***ction.Now so***th***g similar ***uld be happen***g *** the oceans.
That the seas are be***g overfish*** has been known f*** years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and B***is W***m h**e ***wn is just how fast th***gs are chang***g. They h**e look*** at half a century of data from fisheries around the w***ld. Their ***thods do not attempt *** estimate the actual biomass (the amount of ******ng biolog***al matter) of fish species *** part***ular parts of the ocean, but rather changes *** that biomass over ti***. A******d***g *** their latest paper pub***sh*** *** Nature, the biomass of large pr***a***rs (animals that kill and eat other animals) *** a ***w fishery is r***uc*** on **erage by 80% with*** 15 years of the start of exploitation. In so*** long fish*** areas, it has halv*** aga*** s***ce then.
Dr. W***m acknowl***ges that these figures are ***nservative. O*** reason f*** this is that fish***g technology has improv***. Today’s vessels can f***d their prey us***g satel***tes and sonar, wh***h were not **ailable 50 years a***. That ***ans a higher prop***tion of what is *** the sea is be***g c***ght, so the real difference between present and past is ***kely *** be w***se than the o*** re***rd*** by changes *** catch sizes. In the early days, ***o, long******s would h**e been m***e saturat*** with fish. So*** ***di***duals would theref***e not h**e been c***ght, s***ce no bait*** hooks would h**e been **ailable *** trap them, lead***g *** an underestimate of fish s***cks *** the past. Furtherm***e, *** the early days of long****** fish***g, a lot of fish were lost *** sharks after they had been hook***. That is no longer a problem, bec***se there are fewer sharks around now.
Dr. Myers and Dr. W***m argue that their w***k gives a ***rrect base******, wh***h future manage***nt eff***ts must take ****** a***ount. They be***eve the data supp***t an idea current among mar***e biologists, that of the "shift***g base******". The notion is that people h**e fail*** *** detect the massive changes wh***h h**e happe***d *** the ocean bec***se they h**e been look***g back o***y a relatively ***rt ti*** ****** the past. That matters bec***se the***y suggests that the maximum susta***able yield that can be cropp*** from a fishery ******s when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its ***ig***al levels. Most fisheries are well below that, wh***h is a bad way *** do bus***ess.
31. The ext***ction of large prehis***r*** animals is not*** *** suggest that .
[A] large animals were vul***rable *** the chang***g en***ron***nt
[B] small species sur***v*** as large animals disappear***
[C] large sea animals may face the sa*** threat ***day
[D] slow grow***g fish out***ve fast grow***g o***s
32. We can ***fer from Dr. Myers and Dr. W***m’s paper that .
[A] the s***ck of large pr***a***rs *** so*** old fisheries has r***uc*** by 90%
[B] there are o***y half as many fisheries as there were 15 years a***
[C] the catch sizes *** ***w fisheries are o***y 20% of the ***ig***al amount
[D] the number of larger pr***a***rs dropp*** faster *** ***w fisheries than *** the old
33. By say***g "these figures are ***nservative"(****** 1, paragraph 3), Dr. w***m ***ans that .
[A] fish***g technology has improv*** rapidly
[B] the catch sizes are actually smaller than re***rd***
[C] the mar***e biomass has suffer*** a greater loss
[D] the data ***llect*** so far are out of date
34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that .
[A] people ***uld look f*** a base****** that can w***k f*** a longer ti***
[B] fisheries ***uld keep the yields below 50% of the biomass
[C] the ocean biomass ***uld be res***r*** *** its ***ig***al level
[D] people ***uld adjust the fish***g base****** *** chang***g ***uation.
35. The ***th*** seems *** be ma***ly ***ncer***d with most fisheries .
[A] manage***nt eff***iency
[B] biomass level
[C] catch size ***mits
[D] technolog***al app***cation
a***ount22 n.①账(目,户);②述说,阐明;③价钱,身份;v.(f***)①阐明,诠释;②占;③(take ******)思索;顾及
acknowl***ge4 v.①供认,以为;②申谢;③确认
amount10 n.数目,总额;v.(***)共计,统共达,即是
app***cation4 n.①哀求,请求(书,表);②使用,使用;③施用,敷用
argue19 v.①争执,争辩;②以为,提议,论证;③劝服
attempt6 v.(***)试吃,试图;n.(at)妄图,尽力
***th***69 n.①作者;②开创人
**ailable18 a.①可用的,可失去的;②能够见到的,随时随刻可来的
**erage17 n.均匀(数);a.①均匀的;②平常的,一样平常的;v.均匀,均分
bait1 n.钓饵;vt.勾引
bus***ess36 n.①商贸,买卖;②事件,营业,职责;③公司;④商贸量;⑤领域,营业
***ncern20 v.①波及,联系到;②(常与with,about,***连用)关注,牵挂;③忧虑,忧虑;n.①(利弊)联系;②关注,牵挂;③忧虑,忧虑
***nservative5 a.守旧的,保守的;n.守旧理念者
current7 n.①电流,水流,气流;②风潮,趋向;a.①以后的,如今的;②通用的,盛行的,比来的
data22 n.(datum的单数)材料,资讯
detect4 v.发觉,发现,伺探,探测
disappear4 v.不见,消逝
eff***iency5 n.①效力;②功能
en***ron***nt12 n.境地,外界
estimate5 v./n.预测,估价
ext***ct1 a.①灭亡的;②燃烧了的
figure10 n.①体形;②数目;③图形;④人物;v.(out)算出,预测,预测
furtherm***e5 ad.并且,别的
hook2 n.钩,吊钩,钩状物;v.钩住
hunt4 v./n.①狩猎,获取;②(f***)搜寻;③寻觅
***di***dual21 a.①团体的,独自的;②特有的;n.团体,个人
***fer21 v.推理,判断
lead21 v.①率领,引诱;②,占首位;③(***)通向,招致,引发;④阅历,过(生计);n.率领,引诱;n.铅
manage***nt11 n.①营运,治理;②治理部分
mar***e1 a.①海的,海生的;②船舶的,帆海的
massive3 a.①庞大的;大范围的;②严峻的
maximum2 n.值,极限;a.的,的
nature14 n.①大自然界,大大自然;②特质,个性,天分
note9 n.①记录,纪录;②案语,正文;③条子,短笺;④钞票,纸币;⑤表示,意见v.①记下,摘下;②标明,以为
notion7 n.观念,思想,意念,见解,看法
***ig***al3 a.①最后的,原始的,原文的;②创新的,有首创性的;n.原物,原作,原文
present16 a.①列席的,加入的;②如今的,今朝的;n.①如今,今朝;②赠品,赠品;v.①赠(送),呈献;②先容,阐述;③提出,呈交;④演出
prey1 n.①被捕食的兽类,拿获物;②受益者;v.获取食品
prop***tion3 n.①比例;②全体,份儿;③平衡,相当
pub***sh3 v.①出书,刊印;②发布,宣布
reason26 n.①缘由,缘故;②感性,明智;v.①推理,逻辑推断;②劝服,评理;③商议,争辩
res***re3 v.①复原,使复兴;②偿还,交还;③修复,重修
satel***te4 n.人造卫星,天然人造卫星
saturate1 v.使饱和,渗透,使充斥
shark2 n.沙鱼
shift12 v.①交换,转移;②挪动;n.①转换,变化;②(轮)班,(换)班
species7 n.(物)种,品种
s***ck9 n.①备料,存货,现货;②股份,公债;③无性命之物;④群,家,家系;v.贮存
suffer4 v.①(from)受苦楚,得病;②受丧失;③蒙受;④忍耐,忍受
sur***ve11 v.①必然于,幸存;②比...长寿
target5 n.目的,工具,靶子;vt.以...为目的
technology27 n.手艺,手艺
the***y20 n.①学说,道理;②学说,观点,见解;③见解,看法
threat9 n.①吓唬,恐吓;②坏兆头,凶险迹象
trap2 n.圈套,陷阱;v.诱捕,使中陷阱
underestimate2 v.低估
vessel2 n.①容器,器皿;②船,舰;③管,血管
vul***rable3 a.易受打击的,易受...的打击
yield3 v.①生产,成长;②(***)屈从,遵从;n.产量,成果
a******d***g47 ad.按照,依据
adjust3 v.调治,调节,校对
base******2 n.基准线
biolog***al3 a.生物学的
biologist3 n.生物学家
biomass3 n.生物量
exploitation2 n.①开辟,挖掘;②克扣,使用
ext***ction1 n.灭亡,消逝
fishery4 n.水产业,渔场
halve1 v.中分,减半
latest8 a.比来的
long******2 n.多钩长线
out***ve2 vt.比...短命
overfish1 vt.捕捞过分
pr***a***r1 n.食肉兽类
prehis***r***1 a.史前的,过时的
relatively4 ad.相联地
sonar1 n.声纳
susta***able1 a.能够忍耐的,养得起的
technolog***al9 a.技术的
难句1
Their ***thods do not attempt *** estimate the actual biomass (the amount of ******ng biolog***al matter) of fish species *** part***ular parts of the ocean, but rather changes *** that biomass over ti***.
[语法解析]
1. 本句骨干构架是:Their ***thods do not attempt *** estimate the actual biomass...but rather changes...,留意句干中包孕一个not...but...构架;
2. 本句包孕双个介词构架作状语:of fish species *** part***ular parts of the ocean和*** that biomass over ti***;
[本句难点]重要是留意estimate前面的双个宾语:biomass和changes;
[手法对策]找出句子骨干,留意双宾语和not...but...构架;
[例句精译]其宗旨不是要去估计大海特定地区鱼类的实在生存数目是几何,而是想明白多年来这些鱼类的生物集体增减变革状况。
难句2
That ***ans a higher prop***tion of what is *** the sea is be***g c***ght, so the real difference between present and past is ***kely *** be w***se than the o*** re***rd*** by changes *** catch sizes.
[语法解析]
1. 本句是由毗连词so毗连的双个表明因果联系的分句组成;
2. 第一个分句骨干为:That ***ans...,***ans的宾语是省略了that的宾语从句;
3. 第2个分句骨干为:the real difference...is ***kely *** be...;
4.*** catch size是changes的后置定语;
[本句难点]本句由双个分句组成,构架相对于繁杂;
[手法对策]分手找出双个句子的骨干构架,再解析其余润色成份;
[例句精译]这象征着大海中更大数目的鱼类受到了拿获。因而,如今和以前鱼量的真正差别大概比捕捞量所记录的还要糟。
难句3
So*** ***di***duals would theref***e not h**e been c***ght, s***ce no bait*** hooks would h**e been **ailable *** trap them, lead***g *** an underestimate of fish s***cks *** the past.
[语法解析]
1. 第一个逗号前为主句骨干;
2. s***ce引诱一个缘故状语从句;
3. 如今分词词组lead***g...表明一种伴同的举止;
[本句难点]would表明的是对以前状况的预测;
[手法对策]依照主句、从句、伴同润色成份解析便可把握本句;
[例句精译]由于不更多的带饵鱼钩来捕获它们,以是有些鱼就没被抓到,这就招致人们对以前鱼量的低估。
难句4
The notion is that people h**e fail*** *** detect the massive changes wh***h h**e happe***d *** the ocean bec***se they h**e been look***g back o***y a relatively ***rt ti*** ****** the past.
[语法解析]
1. 本句骨干构架是:The notion is + that引诱的宾语从句;
2. 此宾语从句中,wh***h引诱的定语从句润色the massive changes;
3. bec***se引诱的缘故状语从句,增补阐明宾语从句的内容;
[本句难点]重要是从句联系对比繁杂;
[手法对策]起首找出主句骨干,而后解析从句之间联系,便可把握领悟本句;
[例句精译]意义是:人们没能发觉到大海中所产生的庞大变革是由于他们仅回忆了以前相对于长久的一段时辰里的状况。
难句5
That matters bec***se the***y suggests that the maximum susta***able yield that can be cropp*** from a fishery ******s when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its ***ig***al levels.
[语法解析]
1. 本句骨干构架是:That matters...;
2. 骨干前面bec***se引诱的从句骨干构架是:the***y suggests + that宾语从句;
3. 正在此宾语从句中,句子骨干构架是:the maximum susta***able yield...******s...;yield前面是that引诱的定语从句润色yield;厥后有when引诱的时辰状语从句;
[本句难点]重要是从句对比多,并且有从句嵌套征象;
[手法对策]找出主句骨干,而后再逐层解析其余从句;
[例句精译]这非常紧要,由于学说标明:当一个特定物种的生物集体总量降到其最后程度的50%时,这便是该渔场能够成果的的、可保持的水产业产量的巅峰了。
31.[解答]C
[剖析]本文作者对大海生物的近况表明了深切的忧虑。这从第一段(特别是末句)中能够看出。以是,作者经由过程对海洋大型兽类的灭亡的回忆,实在是想提示咱们:今日,大型大海兽类大概会晤临着一样的恐吓(选项C)。
32.[解答]A
[剖析]选项B和D显著不合错误(见译文原文和选项的中文译文)。而选项C错正在说新渔场的"打鱼量"(catchsizes)仅有本来的20%。但原文不是"打鱼量"(catchsizes),而是"大型鱼类的集体总量"(biomass of large pr***a***rs)仅剩20%了。而选项A是准确的。由于:渔场开辟的15年内,大型鱼生物集体总量下跌80%,也便是说,仅剩20%了。而从那以来至今,又下跌了一半(it has halv*** aga*** s***ce then),即又下跌10%,那不就即是说选A是对的嘛:仅剩10%,大概说下跌90%!(不要忘了,逻辑推断题必要本人推测才行!!!)别的,把原文中的"biomass"("生物集体总量")改成选项中的同义词s***ck("总的储量")也一样是为了利诱考生!牢记,越换同义词的题(如原文biomass换成选项中的s***ck),越大概是准确解答。越照抄原文的越大概是搅扰项。由于出题人的准则非常清晰:只管把准确的解答隐蔽起来让考生找不到,而只管把外表上的方向端下去把考生引入邪路!!!
33.[解答]C
[剖析]疑问是:(第3段中)W***m博士说:"这些数目仍是有些守旧"。这是啥意义?从第3段中可知:选项A与D显著不合错误,B是"事先的打鱼量比实在纪录得要小"也分歧道理,而C"大海生物集体的实在丧失(比这些数目)大很多"才是准确解答(由于以前的数据统计方法对比滞后,很多多少鱼被遗漏了,以是以前鱼类的确实数目应当比记录的还要大。而如今的打鱼业更兴旺,捕得更多。以是,如今与以前的确实鱼量差异应比数据统计的数目更大。)
34.[解答]D
[剖析]Myers博士等研讨职员并没说:"大海生物体总量应复原到它本来的程度"(C),也未说"人们应当找到一条能更永劫间起效用的底线"(A)。却是选项B是一道十分狡猾的疑问:渔场应将其捕捞量(yield)把持正在鱼群总量的50%下列才行。这完整是正在掉包观念。原文为:当鱼群总量降到其最后程度的50%时(50% of its ***ig***al levels),而不是选项B中的(50% of the biomass),这时候,便可以思索该收罢手了。(见中文译文),牢记牢记!照抄原文(50%)的,偶然非常大概是圈套。
35.[解答]B
[剖析]纵观全文(特别是每段首句),可知作者重要关注的不是渔场的效益(A),手艺的使用(D),乃至也不是打鱼量的限制(C),而是:大海生物另有几何?程度降到了何种水平?是不是到了凶险的境地?(B)
当史古人类离开行星新的旮旯时,大型兽类产生了一些奇异的事:它们俄然死亡了。小一点的物种得以存活。而大的、成长慢的兽类因对比简便被获取而被快捷地捕杀殆尽,如今,一些相似的事务大概在大海中产生。
大海生物受到过分捕捞的状况已为人们所熟知多年了。而像Ransom Myers和B***is W***m如许的研讨职员如今仅是让咱们明白了事务的变革有何等快!他们翻阅了全球各地渔场的远半个百年的材料,宗旨不是要去估计大海特定地区鱼类的实在生存数目是几何,而是想明白多年来这些鱼类的生物集体增减变革状况。依照他们宣布正在《大自然》杂志上的最新学术论文:某些大型食肉鱼的集体总量正在一个新渔场开辟的10年以内竟均匀下跌达80%之多。而正在一些开辟非常久的区域,从那之后数目又下跌了一半。
W***m博士供认这些数目仍是有些守旧。缘故之一是今日的打鱼手艺又有了极大的改善。当代渔轮可用人造卫星和声纳发觉鱼群,而这正在510年前基本是不成能的。这象征着大海中更大数目的鱼类受到了拿获。因次,如今和以前鱼量的真正差别大概比捕捞量所记录的还要糟。别的,初期(迷信调研用的)深海打鱼绳上捕满了鱼,由于不更多的带铒鱼钩来捕获它们,以是有些鱼就没被抓到,这就招致人们对以前鱼量的低估。另有,正在以前的打鱼绳打鱼中,也偶然有的鱼被鱼钩住以后又被沙鱼吞吃(弦外之音:又钩一条又被吃掉,又钩一条又被吃掉......直到最初又钩住一条没吃。迷信调研职员数据统计数目时仅看到一条)。这如今再也不是个疑问了。由于四周的沙鱼也少多了。(本段阐明:以前的确实鱼量,比数据统计数目要大,这就更显得以前与如今鱼量对比之庞大)。
Myers和W***m博士指出:他们所做的职务给出了一个前途(水产业)治理必需加以思索的准确底线。他们以为他们的材料支撑今朝正在大海生物学家中十分盛行的见解:(打鱼应当有一个)"变革的底线"。意义是:人们没能发觉到大海中所产生的庞大变革是由于他们仅回忆了以前相对于长久的一段时辰里的状况。这非常紧要,由于学说标明:当一个特定物种的生物集体总量降到其最后程度的50%时,这便是该渔场能够成果的的、可保持的水产业产量的巅峰了。多半渔场鱼量遥远低于这一规范,这但是一种欠好的办事方法。
31.(文章首段)提到大型史前兽类的灭亡是想要阐明:。
[A]大型兽类对变革的境地回应软弱
[B]大型兽类消逝了,小型兽类就活了上去
[C]今日,大型大海兽类大概会晤临着一样的恐吓
[D]长得慢的鱼比长得快的鱼活得长
32.咱们从Myers和W***m两博士的学术论文能够推理出:。
[A]正在一些开辟非常永劫间的旧渔场,大型食肉鱼的集体总量已缩减了90%
[B]今日的渔场数目仅有15年前的一半
[C]新渔场的打鱼量仅有本来数目的20%
[D]新渔场的大型食肉鱼类数目比老渔场下跌得快
33.(第3段)说:"这些数目仍是有些守旧",W***m博士的意义是:。
[A]打鱼手艺进展得非常快
[B]事先的打鱼量比实在纪录得小
[C]大海生物集体的实在丧失要(比这些数目)大很多
[D]到今朝为止,收集的材料已过期了
34.Myers博士等研讨职员以为:
[A]人们应当找到一条能更永劫间起效用的底线
[B]渔场应把其产量把持正在鱼群总量的50%下列
[C]大海生物体总量应当复原到它本来的程度
[D]人们应当依据变革的局势来调节打鱼的底线
35.作者好似重要关注大多半渔场的。
[A]营运效益
[B]大海生物集体的总的数目
[C]打鱼量的限制
[D]手艺的使用