托福听力十大必背段子（一）

1. 000139 理科段子：文艺类乐曲

　　It may seem strange that we're discuss***g mus*** from a Broadway production *** this class, "The Lion K***g" especially, s***ce it's bas*** on a popular Hollywood mo***e. I ***an mus*** pref******d f*** Broadway theater *** the heart of New Y***k city surely would seem *** be *** the western tradition of popular mus*** and not h**e much *** ***mmon with the mus*** we h**e been study***g *** this ***urse, such as ga***lan mus*** of Indo***sia, *** Zulu chants of South Afr***a, mus*** that develop*** outside the western tradition of Europe and USA. But *** fact, mus***ians h**e a long-stand***g tradition of b***row***g front o*** another's cu***ures. And this production's direc***r ***tentionally ***clud*** both western and non-western mus***. That way, so*** of the rhythms, ***stru***nt, and harmonies typ***al of non-western mus*** ***ntrast with and ***mple***nt popular mus*** m***e fami***ar *** ***diences *** N***th USA and Europe, mus*** ***ke rock, jazz *** Broadway style ***w tu***s. So I want *** spend the rest of this class and most of the ***xt o*** on the mus*** from the ***w "The Lion K***g" as a way of summariz***g so*** of the techn***al dist***ctions between typ***al western mus*** and the non-western mus*** that we've been study***g. Now the Afr***an ***fluence on the mus*** is clear. The s***ry takes place *** Afr***a. So the direc***r ***t a South Afr***an ***mposer *** write songs with a dist***ctly Afr***an sound. And the songs even ***clude w***ds from Afr***an languages. But we'll get back *** the Afr***an ***fluence later. First let's turn *** the mus*** that was written f*** the shadow puppet sce***s *** "The Lion K***g", mus*** bas*** on the Indo***sian mus*** us*** *** the shadow puppet theater of that region

　　2. 000143 文科段子：地理学

　　In ancient ti***s, many people be***ev*** the earth was a flat disc. Well over 2,000 years a***; the ancient Greek philosophers were able *** put f***ward two ***od argu***nts pro***ng that it was not. Direct observations of he**e***y bodies were the basis of both these argu***nts. First, the Greeks k***w that dur***g ec***pses of the moon the earth was between the sun and the moon, and they saw that dur***g these ec***pses, the earth's shadow on the moon was always round, they rea***z*** that this ***uld be true o***y if the earth was spher***al, It the earth was a flat disc, then its shadow dur***g ec***pses would not be a prefect circle; it would be stretch*** out ****** a long el***pse. The se***nd argu***nt was bas*** on what the Greeks saw dur***g their tr**els. They not****** that the N***th Star, *** Polaris, appear*** lower *** the sky when they tr**el*** south, *** the m***e n***therly regions, the N***th Star appear*** *** them *** be much higher *** the sky. By the way, it was also from this difference *** the apparent po***ion of the N***th Star that the Greeks first calculat*** the approximate distance around the circumference of the earth, a figure re***rd*** *** ancient docu***nts says 400.000 stadium, that's the plural of the w***ld stadium. Today, it's not known exactly what length o*** stadium represents, but let's say it was about 200 ***ters, the length of many athlet*** stadiums. This would make the Greek's estimate about tw***e the figure a***ept*** ***day, a very ***od estimate f*** those writ***g so long bef***e even the first teles***pe was ***vent***.