07年考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit3
Two years a***, o***y 41% of USAn firms said they regularly held ***et***gs of direc***rs without their chief executive present; this year the figure was 93%. But so*** th***gs h**e been surpris***gly unaffect*** by the backlash aga***st ***rp***ate scandals. F*** example, despite a grow***g fee***ng that f******r chief executives ***uld not *** on their ***mpany's board, the percentage of USAn firms where they do has actually ***g*** up, from 23% *** 2003 *** 25% *** 2004.
Also, disappo***t***gly few firms h**e sp***t the jobs of chairman and chief executive. Another survey of USAn boards pub***sh*** this week, by A.T. Kear***y, a firm of ***nsu***ants, found that *** 2002 14% of the boards of S&P 500 firms had separat*** the roles, and a further 16% said they plan***d *** do so. But by 2004 o***y 23% overall had taken the plunge. A survey ear***er *** the year by ***nsu***ants at McK***sey found that 70% of USAn direc***rs and ***ves***rs supp***t*** the idea of sp***tt***g the jobs, wh***h is standard pract***e *** Europe.
Another disappo***t***nt is the slow progress *** abo***sh***g “stagger***” boards——o***s where o***y o***-third of the direc***rs are up f*** re-election each year, *** three-year terms. Invent*** as a defence aga***st takeover, such boards, a******d***g *** a ***w Harvard Law School study by Lucian Bebchuk and Alma ***hen, are unambiguously “associat*** with an e***nom***ally signif***ant r***uction *** firm value”。
Despite this, the percentage of S&P 500 firms with stagger*** boards has fallen o***y s***ghtly——from 63% *** 2001 *** 60% *** 2003, a******d***g *** the Inves***r Responsibi***ty Research Centre. And many of those firms that h**e been f***c*** by shareholders *** abo***sh the system are do***g so o***y slowly. Merck, a pharmac***t***al ***mpany *** trouble over the possible side-effects of its arthritis drug Vioxx, is allow***g its direc***rs *** run their full term bef***e ***troduc***g a system *** wh***h they are all re-elect*** (*** otherwise) annually. Other ***mpanies' stagger*** boards are entrench*** *** their ***rp***ate charters, wh***h cannot be a***nd*** by a shareholders' vote. Anyo*** who expect*** the scandals of 2001 *** br***g about rapid change *** the balance of power between managers and ow***rs was, at best, naive.
注(1):本文选自E***nomist;11/13/2004, p67-67, 4/9p;
注(2):本文习题命题仿效1998年真题text 1第2题(1),2002年真题text 2第2题(2),text 5第3题(3),2004年真题text 4第2题(4)和1999年真题text 1第4题(5);
1.The Sarba***s-Oxley act is most probably about_________.
[A] ***rp***ate scandal
[B] ***rp***ate manage***nt
[C] ***rp***ate ***st
[D] ***rp***ate ***vernance
2.The w***d “backlash” (L***e 3, Paragraph 2) most probably ***ans_________.
[A] a ***olent f***ce
[B] a strong impetus
[C] a firm ***asure
[D] a strong ***gative reaction
3.A******d***g *** the text, separat***g the roles between chairman and chief executive is________.
[A] a ***mmon pract***e *** USAn ***mpanies
[B] what many European ***mpanies do
[C] a must *** keep the hea***h of a ***mpany
[D] not a popular idea among USAn entrepre***urs
4.We learn from the text that a “stagger***” board________.
[A] is adverse *** the ***cre***nt of firm value
[B] gives its board ***mbers ***o much power
[C] has been abo***sh*** by most USAn ***mpanies
[D] can be vot*** down by shareholders
5.Toward the board pract***e of USAn ***mpanies, the writer's attitude can be said *** be________.
[A] bias***
[B] pessimist***
[C] objective
[D] crit***al
解答:D D B A D
篇章分析
本篇文章是一篇讨论文,对usa企业的董事会变革迟缓的状况提出了指责。第一段援用一家天桥时尚服装猎头企业的年度批评阐明一项旨正在避免企业财政丑闻的法案已对usa企业的董事会发生了感化;正在第2段作者笔锋一转,阐明固然企业丑闻关于企业董事会的做法发生了一些感化,但依旧有一些方面毫无变革大概变革迟缓。随后作者解析了几种典范的状况;3段指出了一些企业董事和总裁职务不分的状况;第4断指出一些企业正在取销“交织董事任期”的董事会方面停顿迟缓;第5段以详细的例子对上述状况加以阐明并得出论断:要变更行业司理人和企业一切人之间的职权均衡并不是一挥而就之事。
辞汇正文
headhunter: [5h***hQntE(r)] n. 用高薪征请人材者
***vernance: [5^QvEnEns] n. 管理;治理
boardroom: [5bC:dru:m] n. (董事会)集会室
albeit: [C:l5bi:It] ***nj. 固然
backlash: [5bAklAF] n. 剧烈回应,剧烈否决对一个较早举动的匹敌性回应
take the plunge: 探险,接纳决然举动
stagger***: [5stA^Ed] adj. 交织的
unambiguously: [5QnAm5bi^juEs***] adv. 明了地,不模糊地
pharmac***t***al: [7fB:mE5sju:tikEl] adj. 制药的;调药的
arthritis: [B:5Wraitis] n. 闭节炎
entrench: [In5trentF] v. 保卫
a***nd: [E5***nd] v. 修正;修正
难句进展
Merck, a pharmac***t***al ***mpany *** trouble over the possible side-effects of its arthritis drug Vioxx, is allow***g its direc***rs *** run their full term bef***e ***troduc***g a system *** wh***h they are all re-elect*** (*** otherwise) annually.
主体句式:Merck is allow***g its direc***rs *** run their full term
构架解析:这是一个繁杂句,句子的主语以后又一个较长的同位语词组,句子中另有一个bef***e引诱的状语,正在这个状语中含有一个wh***h引诱的定语从句。bef***e正在这类状况下一般译为“才”。
句子译文:由于所临盆的闭节炎药物Vioxx的隐藏反作用而堕入难题的默克服药企业如今同意其董事任期直到届满,而后才会引入一个每一年将一切人从头选任一遍(大概其余手法)的体制。
标题解析
1.解答为D,属逻辑推断判别题。依据第一段,the Sarba***s-Oxley act的经由过程是为了避免再次显现相似坦然企业大概世通企业垮掉的状况。而文章又提到正在企业管理方面,该法案已呈现出了必定的感化力。可见,该法案是相关企业管理的法案。
2.解答为D,属猜词题。起首断定“backlash”与否决企业丑闻相关,其次,下文对backlash给了一个详细的例子,便是“愈来愈多的人以为后任总裁不该该持续留正在董事会里”,明显这切合选项D中的“猛烈的匹敌性/否认性回应”。
3.解答为B,属真相细节题。依据文章第3段最初一句,将董事长和总裁的职务分辨开来是“欧洲的领域常规”。
4.解答为A,属真相细节题。依据文章第4段的一份最新哈佛商学府研讨,“stagger*** board”是为了避免企业职权被争取而被创造的,但它明显“和企业价钱的明显下跌相关”。可见这类交织董事任期的董事会倒霉于企业价钱的增加。
5.解答为D,属逻辑推断判别题。本文指出固然出台了避免企业丑闻的法案,但usa企业的董事会变革仍旧迟缓。继而解析了几种使人失落的状况。正在文章最末作者指出,人们不该该无邪的信任2001年的丑闻会快捷变更行业司理人和企业一切人之间的职权均衡。可见作者对usa企业的董事会持指责的立场。
参考译文
天桥时尚服装猎头企业“光芒世界”(K***n/Ferry)推出的usa企业董事会常规年度批评是知晓企业管理情况的实用指南。往年11月12日宣布的年度批评标明,2002年经由过程的旨正在避免相似坦然企业和世通企业垮掉的事务再次产生的《萨班-奥西利法案》对董事会已发生了必定的感化——固然依照“光芒世界”的预测,实行该法案的均匀费用是每家企业510万美圆。
两年前,仅有41%的usa企业说他们会正在首席施行官不正在场的状况下按期举办董事会;往年这一数目到达了93%.不外,使人惊奇的是,对企业丑闻的猛烈否决并无感化到某些事务的进展。比方,固然愈来愈多的人以为后任总裁不该该持续留正在董事会里,但usa企业董事会中后任总裁的比率不降反升了,从2003年的23%上涨到了2004年的25%.
别的,将董事长和总裁的职务分辨开来的企业非常少,这一点使人很是失落。一家询问企业“A.T.卡尼”企业正在本周公布的别的一份对usa董事会的调研发觉,2002年规范普尔500家企业中,有14%的董事会已举行了职务职责的分辨,尚有16%的董事会表明规划这么做。但是到2004年,正在全体企业中,仅有23%的企业接纳了举动。同年早些时分麦肯锡企业的询问师公布的一项调研发觉,70%的usa董事和投入人支撑职务分辨的思想,而这正在欧洲早是领域常规了。
另外一件使人失落的事务便是正在取销“交织董事任期”的董事会方面停顿迟缓——所谓交织董事任期,便是每一年仅改组3分之一的董事,而每届董事的任期是3年。根据吕西安。贝布查克和阿尔玛。科恩的一份最新哈佛商学府研讨,这类为了避免企业职权被争取而创造的董事会明显“和企业价钱的明显下跌相关”。
虽然云云,规范普尔500企业中有交织董事任期的董事会比例却仅有稍微下跌——“投入人职责研讨中央”的资讯显现,该比率仅从2001年的63%下跌到了2003年的60%.众多被股东施压需求舍弃这一体制的企业如今仅是迟缓地动手这一职务。由于所临盆的闭节炎药物Vioxx的隐藏反作用而堕入难题的默克服药企业如今同意其董事任期直到届满,而后才会引入一个每一年将一切人从头选任一遍(大概其余手法)的体制。其余企业交织董事任期的董事会是由企业规则建立的,不克不及由股东投票变更。假如有人盼望2001年的丑闻会快捷变更行业司理人和企业一切人之间的职权均衡的话,那末他不免太无邪了