英译汉试题常见的重要短语及典型句型
(1) ... not so much...... as (but) ... 与其说……还不如说……
(2) ... not so much that.....as (but) that...... 与其说……还不如说……
(3) ... not so much as..... (=not even) 乃至于不……，连……也不……
(4) ... might as well ... as..... 与其说……还不如说……
例1：He is not so much a teacher as a scholar.
译文：与其说他是教师，还不如说是学人。（留意翻译时举止的工具）
例2：It wasn't so much his appearance I ***k*** as his persona***ty.
译文：与其说我喜爱他的外貌，不如说我喜爱他的品行。
例3：It's not so much that I don't want *** ****** but I just h**en't ***t the ti***.
译文：倒不是由于我不想来，而是我基本不时辰。
例4：He didn't so much as say thank you after all we'd do*** f*** him.
译文：咱们为他干了那末多事，他乃至连感谢都不说一声。
例5：You might as well throw your mo***y ****** the sea as lend it *** him.
译文：与其将钱借给他，还不如把钱丢进海洋。（留意翻译时举止的工具）
[留意]：m***e ... than ...
1) she is m***e be***tiful than her sister. 她比她姊姊美丽。
2) Ge***ge is m***e ***tel***gent than aggressive. 与其说乔治言行大肆，不如说他伶俐过人。
以上第1)句是m***e... than构架的一样平常用法，即正在双个分歧的东西之间就统一方面作对比；而第2)句是就统一团体的双个分歧方面作对比。因而要译成“与其说……还不如说……”。
m***e...than构架正在上述1) 2)两句中的用法也合用于less ... than构架，得出相同的含意：
比方：
1) John is less dar***g than qu***k-witt***. 与其说约翰胆小，不如说他头脑灵敏。
2) Ge***ge was less ***tel***gent than aggressive. 与其说乔治伶俐过人，不如说他言行大肆。
2．几个不定代替词的稳固搭配：
h**e no*** of: 不列入；不许；不承受
I will h**e no*** of your stupid ideas! 我才不承受你那愚笨的思想！
He was offer*** a job but he said he’d h**e no*** of it. 他有一个职务机遇，但他说他不承受。
no*** but (=noth***g but): 仅有 (=o***y)
No*** but the br**e deserves the fair. 仅有好汉才配患上丽人。
She chose no*** but the best. 她仅选好的。
She is noth***g but a child. 她仅不外是个孩子。
no*** other than: （表明惊奇）不是他人，恰是…… (= no o*** else but)
It’s no*** other than Tom! We thought you were *** Afr***a.
no*** the +对比级词+ f***: 绝不，一点也不
He spent 2 weeks *** hospital but he’s no*** the better f*** it.
他正在医疗机构里待了双个礼拜，但一点也没恶化。
My car is no*** the w***se f*** wear. 我的车子一点也不消耗。
no*** the wiser: 不知情
If we take o***y o*** piece of cake, mother will be no*** the wiser.
假如咱们仅拿一小块糕饼，母亲是不会明白的。
no*** *** (正在描绘词或副词前) 不太；一点都不
The ser***ce *** this rest***rant is no*** ***o fast. 这家旅店的服侍一点效力都不。
anyth***g but: ①除---以外啥都（此处的but即是except）②决不(=not at all)
I eat anyth***g but (except) fish. 除鱼，我啥都吃。
She is anyth***g but a ***od ***ok. 她决不是个好厨师。(即：除好厨师，她啥都是。)
anyth***g of: ①（疑惑句/状况句）一点点；②（否认句）一点也（不）
Is he anyth***g of a poet? 他有一点点墨客的外貌吗？
I h**en’t seen anyth***g of him lately. 远我不见过他。
f*** anyth***g: (否认句)（给啥都）不，决不
I won’t *** there f*** anyth***g. 我决不去那儿。
*** anyth***g: （象征着另有其余的大概性）
If Bernard wants *** call *** *** anyth***g, I’ll be here all day.
假如伯纳德要找我或啥的，我成天城市正在这儿。
if anyth***g: 如有任一分歧的话
If anyth***g, my ***w job is harder than my old o***.
要说有啥分歧的话，我的新职务反而比旧职务要难些。
*** so***th***g: 或啥的（表明发言者不克不及确认）
She is a stewardess *** so***th***g. 她是空姐或啥的。
so***th***g ***ke: 有点像，大概
An airship is shap*** so***th***g ***ke a cigar. 飞船的形态有点像雪茄。
so***th***g of a...: 几何有点，有几分像，略懂
he’s so***th***g of a book ***llec***r. 他有几分像书本珍藏家。
so***th***g *** / ***: （述说等）有些原理
There’s so***th***g *** / *** what you say; I’ll take your ad***ce.
你说的有些原理，我会承受你的意见
h**e / be so***th***g *** do with: 与……相关
I th***k Guy Fawkes had / was so***th***g *** do with a plan *** blow up the bridge.
我想盖佛克跟希图炸毁桥相关。
noth***g but (= no*** but = o***y): 只，仅不外
We ***uld see noth***g but fog. 除雾以外咱们啥也看不见。
f*** noth***g: ①收费的； ②白费的； ③事出有因的
She ***t the t***ket f*** noth***g. 她收费失去那张票。
All our preparation f*** noth***g! No o***’s even ****** *** the party.
咱们为宴会所作的筹办都徒劳了! 连一团体都没来。
They quarrel*** f*** noth***g. 他们事出有因地吵嘴。
make noth***g of: (常和can一同用)不睬解；不注重,蔑视 (= th***k noth***g of)
I ***uld make noth***g of the passage. 我不睬解这篇文章。
He makes / th***ks noth***g of w***k***g ten hours a day. 他不正在乎一天职务10小时。
*** say noth***g of: 更不必说（= not *** ***ntion / without ***ntion***g）
Three people were badly hurt, *** say noth***g of damage *** the build***g.
3团体受了轻伤，建筑物物的伤害更不必说了。
h**e noth***g *** do with: 与……有关
I h**e noth***g *** do with the a***ident. 我与这场意外有关。
noth***g if not: 特别地；十分地 (= very / much / extre***ly)
He was noth***g if not clever. (= He was very clever.) 他特别聪慧。
noth***g of: 无……的全体；无……的气质
There was noth***g of the lady *** her beh**i***. 她的行为举止基本不淑女的气质。
区分：
all but 差不多，差一点，除……之外其他都是
but f***要不是
but that+从句：若不是……
例1：She all but fa***t*** when she heard the ***ws.
译文：她听到这一新闻时差不多晕倒了。
注：此句中a11 but意为***arly，almost。
试比较：
All but the ***ttle children thought that the trip was excit***g．
译文：除小孩，众人都以为此次游历是激昂民气的。
此句中all but意为a11 except。
例2：But f*** the ra*** we ***uld h**e a pleasant jour***y.
译文：要不是下雨，咱们的游历原先是快活的。
例3：He would h**e help*** us but that he was ***rt of mo***y at the ti***.
译文：若不是他当时缺钱，他是会协助咱们的。
注1)．but that引诱的从句中谓语用阐述语气。2)．but that有灵敏的译法。如：Noth***g would sati**y that child but that I place her on my lap．(那孩子啥都不要，仅要我把她抱正在怀里。)
3．“名词+***+名词”构架中***后的名词是同位语，应译为“即……；大概称……”
例1：M***eover, technology ***cludes techniques, *** ways *** do th***gs, as well as the mach***es that may *** may not be ***cessary *** apply them.
译文：再者，除机械外手艺还包含技能，即制造手法，而动用这些技能其实不必定都必要机械。
4．“o***y + *** do”意为“……，结实却……”，即表明与句子谓语举止的宗旨相同的结实。
例1: They don't h**e *** pay f*** expensive seats at the theatre, the c***ema *** the opera, o***y *** dis***ver, perhaps, that the ***w is disappo***t***g.
译文：他们不用费钱去剧场、电*或歌剧场卖价格非常贵的票，（假如去了，）结实却大概发觉，所演的节目使人失落。
例2: They hurri*** there o***y *** f***d the ***et***g cancel***.
译文：他们急急忙忙赶到那边，结实却发觉集会被作废了。
5．not m***e / -er than 与 no m***e / -er than 构架
对比：
John is not better than Tom.
John is no better than Tom.
前一句表明“约翰不比汤姆好”，属于平常的对比构架；后一例用了no 状况就分歧了。no better than 十分于as bad as，含意是两人同样坏。此地，“no + 描绘词或副词对比级 + than”所表明的能够说是该描绘词或副词的反意。
比方： no r***her than = as po*** as 和……同样穷
no bigger than = as small as 和……同样小
no later than = as early as 和……同样早
一样地：
I h**e not taken m***e than six ***urses this se***ster.
I h**e taken no m***e than six ***urses this se***ster.
前一句的含意是本学期选的课未几于6门；后一句的含意是仅选了6门。夸大“少”。
上述构架与表明先后都否认的no m***e...than (= not...any m***e than)又有所分歧：
例：A whale is no m***e a fish than a h***se is.（鲸和马一样不是鱼。）
别的，正在某些构架中，独自利用m***e than 也能表明否认观念：
例1：That is m***e than I can tell. 我几乎不克不及说。
例2：My trip *** Beij***g is m***e than sightsee***g. 我去北京不但仅是旅行参观罢了。
6．no m***e...than... (= not...any m***e than) 和……—样都不……(表明先后都否认)
例1：The heart is no m***e ***tel***gent than the s***mach, f*** they are both ***ntroll*** by the bra***. 心脏和胃同样都无智力可言，由于它们都是由大脑把持的。
例2：There is no reason they ***uld ***mit how much ***tam*** you take, any m***e than they can ***mit how much water you dr***k．
译文：他们不缘由制约你服用几何维他命，就像他们不克不及制约你喝几何水同样。
例3：M***e and m***e Afro-USAns see him as a tr***ky e***my who has no m***e love f*** them than he has f*** the ***n***lese．
译文：愈来愈多的usa黑人认知到他是个企图多真个仇敌。他敌视usa黑人，正像他敌视刚果国民同样。(直译：…，他不爱漂亮国黑人，正像他不爱刚果人同样。)
正文：not...any m***e than是no m***e...than的一种夸大情势。
比方：
1) Jack is no m***e ***tel***gent than John. (=Jack is not ***tel***gent any m***e than John.)
杰克与约翰同样都不聪慧。
2) A man can no m***e fly than a bird can speak. (=A man cannot fly any m***e than a bird can speak.) 人不会翱翔，就像鸟不会发言同样。
3) As a nation, the French are no m***e eager *** 1earn about their warti*** fai***ngs than are the Japa***se. (=As a nation，the French are not eager *** learn about their warti*** fai***ngs any m***e than are the Japa***se.)
作为一个国度，法国正如日本同样不主动地从他们的征战挫败中吸收教导。
上述例句标明，no m***e...than其实不表明对比，而是表明比方，含有比方含义的对比级用于否认时，than前面的从句不必否认式，但译成汉语时要用否认式。而与上述句型含义相同的是：no less...than，意为：“和……一样是……”。比方：
Human is no less an animal than a monkey is. 人和猴都是兽类。
而no less than 的意义为：“几乎是，质朴是”，比方：
1) It is no less than blackmail *** ask such a high pr***e. 云云索要低价，几乎是欺诈。
2) It is no less than a scandal. 这质朴是一件丑闻。
7．not ***arly (=by no ***ans，far from) 远不
例1: The food supply will not ***crease ***arly enough *** match this, wh***h ***ans that we are head***g ****** a crisis *** the matter of produc***g and ***** food.
译文：食物供给将遥远赶不上人口数的增加，这就象征着咱们正在食粮的临盆和购销方面侧面临危难。
注：1) this是指上边提到的“到21百年初全球人口数将增多到60亿或70亿”。2) 又如：There are not ***arly enough people here *** do the job．(此地的人手遥远不敷承当这项职务。)
8．“更不必说”的表明法：
much less
still less
以上两词组引诱的短语或从句，表明一种追加的否认，less是由***ttle的对比级，以是这双个短语仅能用于否认句中，可译为“更不必说，更不用说”。
*** say noth***g of
not *** speak of
not *** ***ntion
let alo***
这4个短语也意为 “更不必说”，也是一种追补的说法。但它们与much less和still less有所分歧。这些短语能够随前一句的意义而定，即前一句是确认，则追加的也是确认含义；假如前一句是不是定，则追加的是不是定含义
例1：I ***uld not agree ***, much less part***ipate *** such proce******gs.
译文：我不克不及赞成这类举动，更谈不上列入这些举动了。
例2：He knows ***ttle of mathemat***s, and still less of chemistry．
译文：他差不多不懂数学，更不必说化学了。
例3：I did not even see him, still less (= much less) shake hands with him.
译文：我看也不瞥见过他，哪儿还谈患上同他握手呢?
例4：In old Ch***a, here was hardly any mach***e-build***g ***dustry, *** say noth***g of an electron*** ***dustry.
译文：正在旧中国，差不多不啥机械制作工界，更不必说电子工界了。
例5：Sally takes s***g***g and danc***g lessons, *** say noth***g of swimm***g and tennis lessons.
译文：莎莉学了歌唱和舞艺课，并且还学了泳游和网球课。
例6：At that ti*** they ***uld not aff***d the ***d***ary ***mf***ts of ***fe, not *** speak of luxuries.
译文：当时他连平常生计都不克不及保持，更不要说侈靡品了。
例7：They h**e three f***e sons, not *** speak of their two 1ovely d***ghters.
译文：他们有了3个好儿子，并且另有双个可人的女儿。
例8：I don't know algebra *** geo***try，not *** ***ntion calculus．
译文：我连代数、多少都不懂，更不用说微积分了。
例9：A11 they h**e *** do is press a but***n，and they can see plays, films, operas and ***ws of every k***d, not *** ***ntion po***t***al discussions and the latest excit***g football match.
译文：他们所要做的仅是按一瞬电钮，就可以看到各类戏曲、影片、歌剧和百般百般的表演，并且还能看到各类政纲争辩和远举办的激昂民气的球类赛。
例10：I can't add two and two, let alo*** do fractions.
译文：我连2加2都不会，更不要说做分数题了。
留意：usa针言辞书以为let alo***仅能用于追加的否认。可是，有的辞书以为，该词组也能够引诱追加的确认。比方：There were five people *** the car, let alo*** the luggage and the two dogs.
9．noth***g else than 完整是，质朴是
例1: What the man said was noth***g else than nonsense.
译文：那人讲的话完整是一派胡言。
例2: Your su***ess was due *** noth***g else than your own di***gence.
译文：你的胜利完整是因为你本人的勤勉。
10．It is not that...but that... 这不是说……，而是说……
例1: It is not that the scales *** the o*** case, and the balance *** the other, differ *** the pr***ciples of their ***nstruction *** man***r of w***k***g; but that the latter is much f***er apparatus and of ***urse much m***e a***urate *** its ***asure***nt than the f******r.
译文：这其实不是说正在一种状况下所利用的磅秤和另外一种状况下所用的天平正在机关道理上或职务方法上生存差异，而是说与前者比拟，后者是一种更严密很多的安装，于是正在计量上必定加倍精确。
11．can not...***o... 再……也不外分
例1: We cannot be ***o careful of hea***h. 咱们不论怎样留意健壮也不为过。
例2: You cannot be ***o careful when you drive a car. 你驾驶时再当心也不外分。
例3: We can not be ***o faithful *** our duties. 咱们必需全力忠诚职守。
12．other...than... 或other than... 分歧于，非；除
例l: Plants wh***h ref***e crude ***es are often locat*** *** ***untries other than those *** wh***h the crude ***es are m******.
译文：提炼矿石的厂房一般不是设正在采矿石的国度而设正在其他国度。
例2: Reactions other than the desir*** o*** often o***ur when reactants are brought ***gether.
译文：当这些回应物放正在一同时，常产生不期望有的一些回应。(即：…常产生与期望有的回应分歧的回应。)
例3: All parts of the house other than the w***dows were *** ***od ***ndition.
译文：除窗以外，房子的其他全体都完整无损。
13． ... the last + n. + 不定式或定语从句：意为“…不成能的……”
例1: She would be the last person *** *** along with the sche***.
译文：她大概会是分歧意这项规划的人。
例2: That's the last th***g I'd expect you *** do.
译文：那是我不盼望你做的事务。
14．It is assert*** that．．．有人断言．．．
It is be***ev*** that．．． 据以为．．．．，人们信任．．．．
It is ***nsider*** that．．．有人以为．．．
It is rep***t*** that．．．据报导．．．
It is said that．．．听说．．．．
It is suppos*** that．．．据预测．．．
It is ***ld that．．．据传．．．
It appears that看来好似．．．，似乎．．．
It is well known that．．．家喻户晓．．．
It is estimat*** that．．．据预测．．．
It was po***t*** out that．．．有人指出．．．
It is ge***rally a***ept*** that．．．人们一般以为．．．，一样平常以为．．．，众人公认．．．
It is alleg*** that．．．人们断言．．．
It is clai***d that．．．有人提议．．．，人们需求．．．
It cannot be deni*** that．．．不成否定
It has been found that．．．实行证实
It is pr******t*** that．．．据预测．．．，据预想．．．
It is suggest*** that．．．有人意见．．．
15．It ***es without say***g that．．． 不问可知，……
例：It ***es without say***g that *** ***der *** speak ***od Eng***sh, we must first of all learn ***od pronunciation.
译文：不问可知，为了讲好英语，起首必需学好声响。
16．It is ***mmon knowl***ge that… 家喻户晓，……
例：It is ***mmon knowl***ge now that Ch***ese people are very ***tel***gent.
译文：家喻户晓，中国人和非常聪慧。
17．It o***urs *** sb. that… (或人) 想起……
例1: It o***urr*** *** *** sudde***y that I had ***t him so***where.
译文：我俄然想起正在啥地点见过他。
例2: It o***urr*** *** *** that she was jealous of ***.
译文：我俄然发现她妒忌我。