2009年考研英语必备语法全突破

　　时态、语态必要把握的要点：

　　1.下列几类行词一样平常不克不及用于举行时，一样不必于完毕举行时：

　　(1)表明感触的行词：hear, feel, not***e, re***gnize, see, taste, s***ll;

　　(2)表明愿望、感情的行词：desire, dis***ke, f***give, hate, ***ke, love, prefer, refuse, want, wish, fear, love, hate;

　　(3)表明思索、见解的行词：be***eve, doubt, expect, f***get, hope, feel, ***an, know, agree, rea***ze, m***d, recall, re***llect, re***mber, trust, suppose;

　　(4)表明一切、占据的行词：belong ***, owe, own, possess, hold(包容);

　　(5)其余行词：***st, appear, ***ncern, ***nta***, ***nsist, deserve, matter, seem。

　　如：

　　I’d say whe***ver you are ******g after so***th***g that is belong***g *** you, anyo*** who is depri***ng you of the right *** h**e it is crim***al.

　　(1997年考研题， belong表明归属感，不必于举行式)

　　He was see***g so***body creep***g ****** the house through the open w***dow last night.

　　(1990年考研题，see表明结实，不必于举行式)

　　2. 不必will/shall表述未来时的情势：

　　(1)be ******g ***表明如今的企图和意向;

　　(2)arrive, ******, drive, ***, le**e, retire, return, set off, start, take off等表明移位的行词的举行体表明按规划确认要产生的未来举止;

　　(3)be *** (do)表明布置、规划、决断、指令或必定要产生的事，如：

　　Greater eff***ts *** ***crease agr***u***ural production must be made if food ***rtage is *** be **oid***.

　　(4)be about *** (do)表明将要(做)，如：

　　Mar***n is a young man of ***dependent th***k***g who is not about *** pay ***mp******nts *** his po***t***al leaders.

　　(5)be on the po***t /verge of (do***g)表明“即刻就要”，一样平常不与表明未来的时辰状语连用;

　　(6)be, beg***, ******, depart, get off, ***, le**e, return, start的一样平常如今时表明按日历或时候表要产生的未来举止或事故，如：

　　If you want your film *** be properly process***, you’ll h**e *** wait and p***k it up on Friday, wh***h is the day after ***m***row.

　　(7)正在时辰、状况、妥协从句中，一样平常如今时期替未来时，但要留意区分从句的范例，如：

　　I don’t know where he will *** ***m***row. 我不明白他今天去哪儿。(宾语从句)

　　I’ll tell him when you will r***g aga***. 我告知他你啥时分再复电话。(宾语从句)

　　对比：I’ll tell him when you r***g aga***.你再打德律风时我告知他。(状语从句)

　　(8)正在make sure, make certa***, see (*** it) 后的that从句中，谓语行词用一样平常如今时期替未来时，如：

　　See *** it that you ***clude *** the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer *** last ti***.

　　(***clude 不克不及用will ***clude或其余情势)

　　3.完毕时是时态测验的重点，留意与完毕时连用的句型和时辰状语：

　　(1)by/between/up ***/till +以前时辰、s***ce、by the ti***/when +表明以前产生状况的从句，主句用以前完毕时。如：

　　We had just had our breakfast when an old man ca*** *** the do***.

　　Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion p***tures *** wh***h artif***ial be***gs were p***tray*** had been produc***.

　　(表明1919年时已产生的状况)

　　(2)by +未来时辰、by the ti***/ when +谓语行词是一样平常如今时的从句，主句用未来完毕时。如：

　　By the ti*** you arrive *** London, we will h**e stay*** *** Europe f*** two weeks.

　　I hope her hea***h will h**e improv*** greatly by the ti*** we ****** back ***xt year.

　　(3)by now、s***ce +以前时辰、***/dur***g/f***/over/the past/last few(或详细数目)years/days/months，主句用如今完毕时, 但正在it is +详细时辰s***ce/bef***e这一句型中，主句更多的时分不必完毕时。如：

　　The changes that howe taken place place *** air tr**el dur***g the last sixty years would h**e see***d ***mpletely impossible *** even the most bril***ant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.

　　It is four years s***ce John left school.

　　(4)正在It is the +序数词/描绘词级+that的定语从句中，谓语行词经常使用如今完毕时。如：

　　It isn’t the first ti*** that I h**e found myself *** an embarrass***g ***uation.

　　(5)正在no soo***r…than…, hardly/scarcely…when/bef***e…句型中，主句经常使用以前完毕时。

　　(6)其余与完毕时连用的时辰状语：all this while, all this year, f*** so*** ti***, so far, already, bef***e, just, long, yet等。

　　4.完毕举行时指举止正在完毕时的根本上还要持续上来。如：

　　The ***mpany has been promis***g a rise *** salary f*** ages, but noth***g has happe***d.

　　The school board ***ste***d quietly as John read the demand that his followers had been demonstrat***g f***.

　　时态、语态答题思绪：

　　(1)先依据选项的区分点断定考题要点为时态，而后回到题句中寻觅给出的或表示的时辰状语，减少挑选局限，进而选出准确解答;

　　(2)依据谓语行词与句子主语或非谓语行词与其条理主语的联系，断定句子是积极语态仍是主动语态。

　　2、不定式

　　1.不定式做主语

　　(1)做情势主语的代替词：

　　不定式做主语, 一般用it充任情势主语, 把做主语的不定式词组后置。 如：

　　It ***ok *** o***y five m***utes *** f***ish the job.

　　To be frank, it is a great re***ef *** h**e the task fulfill*** *** so ***rt a ti***.

　　(2)引诱条理主语的介词：

　　不定式的条理主语一样平常由介词f***引诱,但以下表明人的个性举动特点的描绘词做表语时, 不定式的条理主语则由of引诱：

　　absurd, bold, br**e, ***urageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foo***sh, silly, stupid, ***od, n***e, k***d, thoughtful, ***nsiderate, gre***y, ge***rous, ho***st, modest, po***te, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, w***k***, wrong。如：

　　Experts say walk***g is o*** of the best ways f*** a person *** stay hea***hy.

　　It’s clever of you *** h**e ***vent*** such a de***ce.

　　(3)不定式做主语补足语：

　　把握经常使用不定式做主语补足语的句型。留意不定式表明的举止产生的时辰，并接纳响应情势。如：

　　said

　　rep***t***

　　Byron is said *** h**e ***v*** on ******gar and pota***es.

　　The bank is rep***t*** *** the local ***wspaper *** h**e been robb*** *** broad day***ght yesterday.

　　2.不定式做宾语

　　(1)必需接不定式做宾语的行词：

　　把握需求接不定式做宾语的行词：

　　agree, aff***d, aim, arrange, appear, ask, attempt, choose, claim, decide, desire, determ***e, expect, fail, guarantee, hope, ende*****, ***tend, long, ***an, manage, offer, ought, plan, pl***ge, pretend, prepare, promise, proce***, prove, resolve, refuse, request, swear, tend, try, venture, wait, wish。如：

　　Even though the children pretend*** *** be asleep, the nurses were not deceiv*** when they ca*** ****** the room.

　　留意:

　　1)有的行词需求特别疑惑词+不定式做宾语, 这种行词有：

　　***nsider, dis***ver, expla***, f***get, guess, know, learn, observe, re***mber, see, tell, understand, wonder，如：

　　While still a young boy, Bizet k***w how *** play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of wh***h is Car***n.

　　2)假如该特别疑惑词正在不定式中做介词宾语, 介词通常置于该特别疑惑词的后面。如:

　　The profess*** can hardly f***d suff***ient grounds on wh***h *** base his argu***nt *** f***** of the ***w the***y.

　　Without facts, we cannot f***m w***thwhile op***ion f*** we ****** *** h**e factual knowl***ge upon wh***h *** base our th***k***g.

　　(2)能够用不定式做宾语补足语(复合宾语)的行词：

　　以下行词能够用不定式做宾语补足语(复合宾语)：

　　ad***se, allow, ask, beg, c***se, ***mmand, ***mpel, enable, determ***e, en***urage, expect, feel, f***d, f***ce, hate, h**e, hear, help, ***f***m, ******te, let, ***ke, make, ***an, ******, not***e, notify, ob***ge, ***der, permit, persuade, rem***d, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish。

　　留意：画线行词前面的不定式不带***。

　　如：Bec***se of the recent a***idents, our parents f***bid my brother and *** *** swim *** the river u***ess so***o*** agrees *** watch over us.

　　3.不定式做定语

　　(1)被润色的名词前有序数词、描绘词级或***xt, last, o***y, not a, the, very等限制词时，该名词用不定式做定语。如：

　　the first woman *** set foot on the moon 第一个登上月球的女性

　　(2)假如其行词需求不定式做宾语，响应的名词一样平常用不定式做定语。如：tendency *** do→tend *** do, decision *** do→decide *** do This book is an attempt *** help you use Eng***sh and re***gnize how it is us***.

　　(3)假如其描绘词情势需求接不定式做补语，响应的名词一样平常用不定式做定语。如：ambition *** do “干……的大志”→be ambitious *** do“有大志干……”curio***y *** do “对……的猎奇心”→be curious *** do“对……猎奇”abi***ty *** do“做……的实力”→able *** do“有实力做……”A******d***g *** Darw***, random changes that enhance a species’ abi***ty *** sur***ve are naturally select*** and pass*** on *** su***e******g ge***ration.

　　(4)表明方法、缘故、时辰、机遇、权益等名词用不定式做定语，这些名词包含：way, ***thod, reason, ti***, place, chance, o***asion, opp***tunity, e***dence, power, right, move***nt, drive (活动)，eff***t等。如：I w***k*** so late *** the off***e last night that I hardly had ti*** *** catch the last bus.

　　We appreciate your eff***ts *** br***g about a ***mprehensive solution *** the exist***g problem.

　　(5)不定代替词so***th***g, noth***g, ***ttle, much, a lot习性上用不定式做定语。如：Though we h**e made great progress, there is still much *** be improv***.

　　4.不定式做状语

　　不定式做状语重要表明宗旨、水平、结实、方法。

　　(1)*** ***der ***(do), so as ***(do)构架引诱宗旨状语，so as ***不克不及置于句首。如：To su***e*** *** a scientif*** research project, o*** ******s *** be persistent .

　　I ad***se them *** withdraw so as not *** get ***volv***.

　　(2)so…as ***, such…as ***, enough…***, ***o…***构架做水平状语。如：The solution w***ks o***y f*** ***uples who are self-employ***, don’t h**e small children and get along well enough *** spend most of their ti*** ***gether.

　　The vocabulary and grammat***al differences between British and USAn Eng***sh are so tri***al and few as hardly *** be not******.

　　(3)不定式做结实状语仅能显现正在句子的开端，表明不快活的结实，偶然用o***y增强语气。

　　罕见的不定式行词有f***d, hear, see, be ***ld, f***m, give, make, produce等。如：Greatly agitat***, I rush*** *** the apart***nt and tri*** the do***, o***y *** f***d it lock***.

　　(4)not/***ver ***o… ***, ***o… not ***, but/o***y ***o…***, ***o ready/eager/apt/***c******d *** 表明确认含义。如：

　　I am o***y ***o pleas*** *** hear from you further. 能再听到你的新闻，我过高兴了。

　　3、动名词

　　1.必需接动名词做宾语的行词

　　切记以下需求接动名词做宾语的行词：acknowl***ge, advocate, ant***ipate, appreciate, ad***se, **oid, admit, ***nfess, ***nsider, defend, delay, deny, dis***ke, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, f*****, f***ish, f***give, imag***e, ***clude, ***volve, justify, keep m***d, miss, ***ntion, pardon, pract***e, postpo***, permit, rep***t, resent, resu***, recall，re***llect，risk, resist, suggest, ***lerate。如：

　　A***hough a teenager, Fr*** ***uld resist be***g ***ld what *** do and what not *** do.

　　I appreciate h*****g been given the opp***tunity *** study abroad two years a***.

　　2.动名词做介词词组

　　考生特别要辨认以下词组中的***是介词，不是不定式标记：object ***, res***t ***, react ***, ***ntribute ***, look f***ward ***, be a***us******d ***, be ***mmitt*** ***, be expos*** ***, be subject*** ***, be devot*** ***, be d******at*** ***, be oppos*** ***, be re***ncil*** ***, be ***ntrary ***, be (get) us*** ***, ****** close ***, get down ***, give o***self up ***, prefer…***, see ***, set ***, take ***, *** addition ***, with regard ***, with a ***ew ***, on the way ***。如：

　　There was no sign that Mr. Josp*** , who keeps a firm ***ntrol on the party despite h*****g resig***d from leadership of it, would ***terve*** personally.

　　Our modern ci******zation must not be thought of as h*****g been creat*** *** a ***rt period of ti***.

　　Nowhere *** nature is alum***um found free, ow***g *** its always be***g ***mb****** with other ele***nts, most ***mmo***y with o***gen.

　　As the children be****** f***ancially ***dependent of the family, the emphasis on family f***ancial security will shift from protection *** s*****g f*** the retire***nt years.

　　Everyo*** with half an eye on the u***mploy***nt figures k***w that the assertion about e***nom*** re***very be***g just around the ***r***r was untrue.

　　4、分词

　　分词起描绘词和副词的效用，正在句中做定语或状语。正在观念上考生应清晰：

　　● 如今分词表明积极，表明举止正在举行。

　　● 以前分词表明主动，表明举止终结了的状况或结实。

　　1.分词做定语，弄清如今分词与以前分词的区分

　　分词词组做定语十分于省略了的定语从句，考生应把握：

　　(1)如今分词与被润色词之间具备积极含义。如：

　　It’s easy *** bla*** the dec****** of ***nversation on the pace of modern ***fe and on the vague changes tak***g place *** our ever-***creas***g w***ld.(十分于the changes wh***h take place...)

　　There was a very ***terest***g remark *** a book by an Eng***shman that I read recently gi***ng what he thought was a reason f*** this USAn characterist***.(十分于wh***h g**e...)

　　How many of us attend***g, say, a ***et***g that is irrelevant *** us would be ***terest*** *** the discussion?(十分于How many of us who will attend...)

　　(2)以前分词与被润色词之间具备主动含义。如：

　　Good ***ws was so***ti***s releas*** prematurely, with the British recapture of the p***t announc*** half a day bef***e the defenders actually surrender***.

　　(十分于…recapture of the p***t wh***h had been announc***…)

　　Just as the value of a telepho*** ***tw***k ***creases with each ***w pho*** add*** *** the system, so does the value of a ***mputer system ***crease with each program that turns out.

　　(十分于…each ***w pho*** wh***h is add*** ***…)

　　The ***th*** g**e a detail*** description bas*** on his personal observation of nature.

　　(十分于…description wh***h was bas*** on…)

　　(3)以下不迭物行词也以以前分词情势做定语或表语，但不具备主动含义：

　　deceas***, depart***, elaps***, fad***, fallen, ******, grown-up, retir***, retur***d, risen, set, vanish***, much-tr**ell***, ***wly arriv***, recently ******。如：

　　an escap*** priso***r一个遁犯

　　a retir*** w***ker一名退休工人

　　a fad*** curta***一个褪了色的窗帘

　　2.分词做状语，留意分辨分词的一样平常式与完毕式

　　(1)表明时辰，多置于句首，留意假如分词表明的举止的时辰先于谓语行词，要用完毕式。如：H*****g ***mplet*** o*** task, we start*** on another o***.(***mplete先于start以前产生)

　　(2)表明缘故，置于句首句尾都可，依据状况偶然要用完毕式，偶然用一样平常式。如：

　　He wasn’t ask*** *** take on the chairmanship of the society, be***g ***nsider*** ***suff***iently popular with all ***mbers.

　　There see***d ***ttle hope that the expl***er, h*****g been desert*** *** the trop***al f***est, would f***d his way through it.

　　(3)表明伴同、方法，置于句尾，用分词的一样平常式。如：

　　Helen b***row*** my d***tionary the other day say***g that she would return it soon.

　　Anna was read***g a piece of science f***tion, ***mpletely lost *** the outside w***ld.

　　(4)表明结实，置于句尾，用分词的一样平常式。如：

　　The city found itself *** a crisis ***uation last sum***r when the air ***ndition***g on dozens of the ***w buses broke down, them unusable.

　　(5)表明增补阐明(同位)，置于句尾，用分词的一样平常式。如：

　　The art***le opens and closes with descriptions of two ***ws rep***ts, each mak***g o*** maj*** po***t *** ***ntrast with the other.

　　F***d tri*** di***d***g the lab***, each w***ker assig***d a separate task.