英美国家政府的区别

    
Govern***nt *** Brita*** and the US

Govern***nt *** Brita***

National ***vern***nt

The center of ***vern***nt *** Brita*** is PARLIAMENT(国会), wh***h makes all the imp***tant laws f*** the ***untry about cri***s and punish***nt, taxation(罪行), etc. Par***a***nt is made up of the House of ***mmons, the House of L***ds and the monarch(贵族). The Houses of Par***a***nt are *** Westm***ster *** London and so***ti***s “Westm***ster” itself is us*** *** ***an Par***a***nt.

The House of ***mmons (*** the ***mmons) is the lower but m***e powerful of the two Houses. It has 650 elect*** ***mbers, call*** Members of Par***a***nt *** MPs, each represent***g people *** a part***ular area *** ***nstituency. The House of L***ds (the L***ds) is the higher but less powerful of the two Houses. It has over 1,000 ***mbers, no*** of whom is elect***. These ***mbers ***clude: people who h**e titles ***ke L***d *** Vis***unt(子爵) wh***h h**e been pass*** down *** them on the death of their father (her***itary peers(世袭贵族)); people who are given titles as a reward f*** their long ser***ce *** pub***c ***fe, but whose children do not INHERIT(承继) their title (***fe peers); and so*** imp***tant leaders of the Church of Britain (Archbi***ps(大主教) and Bi***ps(主教)).

The ***vern***nt br***gs BILL (=suggest*** laws) *** the House of ***mmons, wh***h are discuss*** by MPs. The bills then *** *** the House of L***ds *** be discuss***. The House of L***ds can suggest changes *** a bill, but does not h**e the power *** reject it (=refuse permission f*** it *** be pass***). When bills ****** back *** the ***mmons, MPs vote on them and if they are pass*** they are sig***d by the monarch and be****** Acts of Par***a***nt

At present Britain, S***tland, Wales, and N Ireland are all ***ver***d by Par***a***nt *** Westm***ster. In N Ireland the po***t***al parties are different but their MPs still *** *** the House of ***mmons. In S***tland there is a lot of discussion about whether S***tland ***uld h**e so*** separate *** partly separate f***m of ***vern***nt. The sa*** is true *** Wales

Local ***vern***nt
Local ***vern***nt is Brita***, also known as ***uncils, can make small laws (bylaws) wh***h o***y apply *** their area, but these are usually about small, local matters. F*** ***stance, they may be about f***es that will be made f*** people who park *** certa*** streets.

***uncils are paid f*** by local taxes and also by an amount of mo***y given *** them each year by the national ***vern***nt. Their ma*** job is the ***ganiz***g and pro***d***g of local ser***ces, e.g. hospitals, school, ***braries, pub***c transp***t, street-clean***g, etc. They are also responsible f*** sett***g the amount of local tax that people must pay and f*** ***llect***g this tax.

Local ***uncils(议会) are elect*** by people with*** each ***wn, city, *** ***untry area. The people who are elect***, known as ***uncil***s, usually represent o*** of the national po***t***al parties, but are often elect*** bec***se of their po***cies on local issues(疑问) rather than the national po***cies of their party.

Govern***nt *** the US

All levels of ***vern***nt *** the US (f***eral(联邦), state, and local) are elect*** by the people of the ***untry.

F***eral ***vern***nt

The ***nstitution of the US specif***ally ***mits the power of the f***eral (=national) ***vern***nt ma***ly *** defence(国家防卫), f***eign affairs, pr***t***g mo***y, ***ntrol***ng trade and relations between the states, and protect***g human rights. The f***eral ***vern***nt is make up of the ***NGRESS(国会), the President, and the Supre*** ***unt(法院).

***ngress

***ngress, the central law-mak***g body *** the US, is made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives is the lower but m***e imp***tant of the two houses of ***ngress. It has 435 ***mbers, call*** Representatives *** ***ngress***n/***ngresswo***n elect*** by their state. The ***mber of Representative(代表) f*** each state depends on the size of the population of the state, with each state h*****g at least o*** Representative. The Senate is the higher but less powerful of the two houses of ***ngress. It has 100 ***mbers, call*** Sena***rs(商讨院), elect*** by their state. Each state has two Sena***rs.

***ngress decides whether a BILL (suggest*** law) be******s law. If the Senate and the House of Representative both agree *** a bill, the President is ask*** *** agree.

The President can ve***(=say no ***) the bill(议案), but ***ngress can still make it a law if 2/3 of the ***mbers of each house agree *** it.

State ***vern***nt

State ***vern***nt has the greatest ***fluence *** people’s daily ***ves. Each state has its own written ***nstitution(国家大法) (set of fix*** law), and among the state there are so***ti***s great differences *** law on matters such as property, cri***, hea***h, and ***ucation. The highest elect*** off***ial of each state is the Govern***. Each state also has o*** *** two elect*** law-mak***g bodies (state Legislature) whose ***mbers represent the various parts of the state.

Local ***vern***nt

Local ***vern***nt ***ncerns laws made at the ***wn, city *** ***unty level. These laws are usually ***mit*** *** a small area and ***ncern such th***g as traff***, where and when al***ho***c dr***ks can be sold, *** keep***g animals. The highest elect*** off***ial of a ***wn *** city ***uncil.

Every law at every level of ***vern***nt must be *** agree***nt with(分歧) the Unit*** States ***nstitution. Any citizen who th***ks he *** she has not been given their rights under the law may argue their case through all the ***urts up *** the Supre*** ***urt (the f***al ***urt of Appeal *** the US) if ***cessary, and any law wh***h is found not *** agree***nt with the ***nstitution (un***nstitutional) cannot be kept *** f***ce.