考研英语精读 18

A******d***g *** a recent poll， 61 percent of USAn high school students h**e admitt*** *** cheat***g on exams at least once. It can be argu*** such a response my not ***an much. After all， most students h**e been fac*** with the temptation *** peek at a ***ighb***'s test paper. And students can be hard on themselves *** judg***g such beh**i***. However， there are other ***d***ations that high school cheat***g may be on the rise.

　　M***e and m***e states are requir***g students *** pass ***mpetency tests *** ***der *** receive their high school diplomas. And many ***uca***rs fear that an ***crease *** the use of state exams will lead *** a ***rrespond***g rise *** cheat***g. A case *** po***t is students *** New Y***k State who fac*** crim***al misde***an*** charges f*** possess***g and sel***ng advance ***pies of state Regents exam***ations.

　　Cheat***g is ***nsider*** *** be a maj*** problem *** ***lleges and univer***ies. Several profess***s say they've dropp*** the traditional term paper require***nt bec***se many students buy prewritten term papers， and they can't track down all the cheaters anym***e.

　　***lleges and univer***ies across the nation h**e decid*** *** do m***e than talk about the rise *** student cheat***g. F*** ***stance， the Depart***nt of Psychology at the Univer***y of Maryland l***nch*** a campaign *** s***p o*** f***m of cheat***g. As 409 students fil*** out of their exam， they found all but o*** exit block***. Proc***rs ask*** each student *** produce an ID card with an attach*** pho***. Students who said they'd left theirs *** the d***m *** at ho*** had a mug ***t taken. The purpose of the campaign was *** catch "r***gers，" students who take tests f*** other students.

　　The maj***ity of students at the Univer***y of Maryland appl***d*** the campaign. The campus ***wspaper ***i***rial said， "Like po***ce arrest***g spe***ers， the ***tent is not *** catch everyo*** but rather *** catch enough *** spread the w***d."

　　We frequently hear about "the ***od old days"， when USAns were better， happier， and m***e ho***st. But were they m***e ho***st？ Maybe yes， a long ti*** a*** when ***fe was very different from what it is ***day.

　　School children us*** *** know the s***ry of how Abraham L******ln walk*** five miles *** return a penny he'd overcharg*** a cus******r. It's the k***d of s***ry we th***k of as myth. But *** the case of L******ln， the s***ry is true … u***ike the s***ry of Ge***ge Wash***g***n and the cherry tree. Wash***g***n's first biographer ***vent*** the tale of ***ttle Ge***ge say***g *** his father， "I cannot tell a ***e. I did it with my ax." What is imp***tant *** both s***ries， however， is that ho***sty was seen as an imp***tant part of the USAn character.

　　And these are just two s***ries out of many. Students *** the last century usually didn't read "fun" s***ries. They read s***ries that t***ght m***al values. Such s***ries po***t*** out quite clearly that children who ******， cheat***， *** s***le ca*** *** bad ends.

　　Parents may h**e further re***f***c*** those values. It's diff***u*** *** know. We do know that children didn't hear their parents talk of cheat***g the ***vern***nt on ********* taxes - there weren't any.

　　A clue as *** why USAns may h**e been m***e ho***st *** the past ***es *** the Abe L******ln s***ry. L******ln k***w his cus******r. They both ***v*** *** a small ***wn. Would a check-out person at a large supermarket return mo***y a cus******r？ It's less ***kely. On the other hand， would overnight guests at an ***n run by a husband and wife， steal ***wels？ It's less ***kely.

　　Perhaps this tells us that people ****** *** know o*** another *** be at their ho***st best.

　　The vast maj***ity of USAns still be***eve that ho***sty as an imp***tant part of the USAn Character. F*** that reason， there are nu***rous watch-dog ***mmittees at all levels of society. A***hough signs of di******sty *** school， bus***ess， and ***vern***nt seem much m***e nu***rous *** recent years than *** the past， ***uld it be that we are gett***g better at revea***ng such di******sty？

　　There is so*** e***dence that di******sty may ebb and flow. When ti***s are hard， ***cidents of theft and cheat***g usually *** up. And when ti***s get better such ***cidents tend *** *** down.

　　Cheat***g *** school also tends *** ebb and flow. But it doesn't seem ***nk*** *** the e***nomy.

　　Many ***uca***rs feel that as students ga*** ***nfidence *** themselves and their abi***ties， they are less ***kely *** cheat. Surpris***gly， so*** eff***ts *** prevent cheat***g may actually en***urage cheat***g - a person may feel "they don't trust *** anyway，" and be tempt*** *** "beat the system." Distrust can be ***ntagious. But， so can trust！

　　NEW WORDS

　　ho***sty

　　n.　fre***om from deceit， cheat***g， etc. 老实

　　style

　　n.　fashion 时兴

　　poll

　　n.　survey of pub***c op***ion by putt***g questions *** a representative selection of persons 平易近意检验

　　admit

　　v.　state *** agree *** the truth of； ***nfess　供认，承认

　　admission

　　n.

　　temptation

　　n.　the act of tempt***g *** be***g tempt***　勾引；***

　　peek

　　***. look （at sth.） qu***kly， esp. when o*** ***uld not　偷看

　　beh**io（u）r

　　n.　way of beh*****g 举动

　　beh**e

　　v.

　　***d***ation

　　n.　sign *** suggestion 迹象

　　***mpetency

　　n.　abi***ty； be***g ***mpetent 实力；胜任

　　diploma

　　n.　off***ial paper ***w***g that a person has su***es**ully f***ish*** a ***urse of study *** pass*** an exam***ation 文凭

　　***rrespond***g

　　a.　match***g 响应的

　　crim***al

　　a.　of cri***

　　misde***ano（u）r

　　n.　cri*** that is less serious than， f*** example， stea***ng of murder 轻罪

　　charge

　　n.　a***usation 控告

　　possess

　　n.　h**e， own 占据，具有

　　advance

　　a.　made **ailable bef***e the date of ge***ral pub***cation *** release 事后的

　　regent

　　n.　***mber of a ***vern***g board （学府董事会的）董事

　　drop

　　vt. give up； dis***nt***ue 舍弃；根除

　　traditional

　　a.　of *** a******d***g *** tradition 习俗的

　　tradition

　　n.

　　require***nt

　　n.　sth. requir***； sth. demand*** as a ***ndition 需求；需要状况

　　prewritten

　　a.　written bef***ehand； written *** advance

　　psychology

　　n.　science of the m***d 心理科学

　　psycholog***al

　　a.

　　l***nch

　　vt. start， set ******g 倡议；启动

　　campaign

　　n.　series of plan***d acti***ties f*** so*** special purpose 活动

　　file

　　***. march *** move *** a ****** 排成横队前进

　　exit

　　n.　way out of a place 入口（处）

　　proc***r

　　n.　临考人

　　ID card

　　n.　identity card 身份证

　　d***m

　　n.　（***rt f***） d***mi***ry 宿舍

　　mug

　　n.　the face *** mouth

　　***t

　　n.　a s***gle pho***graph

　　mug ***t

　　n.　（sl.） pho***graph of a person's face， us*** f*** purposes of identif***ation 脸部相片

　　r***ger

　　n.　any person who pretends *** be another 滥竽充数者

　　appl***d

　　vt. praise esp. by strik***g o***'s hands *** gether 鼓掌赞扬

　　campus

　　n.　univer***y； the grounds of a univer***y， ***llege， *** school 高等学府；校园

　　***i***rial

　　n.　lead***g art***le 社论

　　arrest

　　vt. seize （sb.） *** the na*** of the law 拘捕

　　spe***er

　　n.　person who drives an ******mobile at a higher spe*** than is lawful 背法超速驾驶者

　　***tent

　　n.　purpose； ***tention

　　frequently

　　ad. at ***rt ***tervals， often 频仍地

　　overcharge

　　vt. charge ***o much 对……要价过高

　　cus******r

　　n.　person who buys ***ods from a ***p， esp. regularly 主顾

　　myth

　　n.　传说

　　u***ike

　　prep. not ***ke， different from

　　cherry

　　n.　樱桃

　　biographer

　　n.　person who writes about another person's ***fe 列传作家

　　ax（e）

　　n.　斧子

　　character

　　n.　***ntal *** m***al qua***ties that make o*** person， race， etc. different from others 个性，质量

　　m***al

　　a.　***ncern***g pr***ciples of right of wrong　德行的

　　re***f***ce

　　vt. en***urage of strengthen 增强

　　tax

　　n.　税，税款

　　clue

　　n.　sth. that helps *** f***d an answer *** a question 蛛丝马迹

　　check-out

　　n.　desk where o*** pays the bill of the ***ods o*** has chosen 结帐处

　　supermarket

　　n.　large ***p where o*** serves o***self with food and ***ods 超等市场

　　overnight

　　a.　f*** *** dur***g the night 住一晚上的；一整夜的

　　***n

　　n.　small hotel 小旅店，堆栈

　　***wel

　　n.　毛巾

　　vast

　　a.　very big

　　nu***rous

　　a.　many

　　watch-dog

　　a.　***ganiz*** *** act***g as a watchful guardian， esp. aga***st u***awful pract***e 起监视效用的

　　di******sty

　　n.　the qua***ty of be***g di******st

　　reveal

　　vt. make known 揭发

　　e***dence

　　n.　sign *** proof 证明

　　ebb

　　***. （of the tide） flow back from the land *** the sea； grow less； be****** weak *** fa***t 涨潮；低沉，消退

　　flow

　　***. （of the tide） ****** ***； rise； run *** spread smoothly （潮）涨；上涨；流

　　***cident

　　n.　event； happen***g 事故

　　theft

　　n.　（the act of， an ***stance of） stea***ng

　　tend

　　***. h**e a tendency 易于，通常会

　　***nk

　　vt. jo*** *** ***n***ct 毗连；联络

　　e***nomy

　　n.　经济

　　anyway

　　ad. at all； *** any case 到底；不论怎样

　　tempt

　　vt. attract （sb.） *** do sth. wrong *** foo***sh 勾引

　　system

　　n.　制度体系；体制

　　systemat***

　　a.

　　distrust

　　n.　lack of trust； mistrust 不信赖，疑虑

　　***ntagious

　　a.　tend***g *** spread easily from person *** person 感染的

　　PHEASES & EXPRESSIONS

　　out of style

　　no longer fashionable 过期的，再也不盛行

　　a******d***g ***

　　as stat*** *** ***wn by； *** a way that agrees with 依照，依据

　　（be） fac*** with

　　面临

　　be hard on

　　对……太过严肃

　　on the rise

　　***creas***g steadily 正在增加；正在加重

　　a case *** po***t

　　a very ***od example　失当的例子

　　all but

　　all except 除……都

　　（be） different from

　　u***ike， not the sa*** as　与……分歧

　　th***k of …… as

　　regard as

　　*** the case of

　　就……来讲，至于

　　****** ***

　　arrive at a part***ular state *** po***ion 变为（某种状况）

　　***e ***

　　exist *** 正在于

　　on the other hand

　　from the oppos*** po***t of ***ew 另外一方面，反过去说

　　at o***'s best

　　*** as ***od a state as possible 处于状况

　　*** up

　　rise； ***crease 上涨；增多

　　*** down

　　fall； decrease 下跌；缩减

　　PROPER NAMES

　　Stacia Robb***s

　　斯泰茜娅。罗宾斯

　　Maryland

　　马里兰（usa州名）

　　Abe

　　艾贝（Abraham的昵称）

　　Abe