2007年考研英语语法复习手册(4)

　　分词起描绘词和副词的效用，正在句中做定语或状语。正在观念上考生应清晰：

　　●如今分词表明积极，表明举止正在举行。

　　●以前分词表明主动，表明举止终结了的状况或结实。

　　1.分词做定语，弄清如今分词与以前分词的区分

　　分词词组做定语十分于省略了的定语从句，考生应把握：

　　（1）如今分词与被润色词之间具备积极含义。如：

　　It's easy *** bla*** the dec****** of ***nversation on the pace of modern ***fe and on the vague changes tak***g place *** our ever-***creas***g w***ld.（十分于the changes wh***h take place……）

　　There was a very ***terest***g remark *** a book by an Eng***shman that I read recently gi***ng what he thought was a reason f*** this USAn characterist***.（十分于wh***h g**e……）

　　How many of us attend***g， say， a ***et***g that is irrelevant *** us would be ***terest*** *** the discussion？（十分于How many of us who will attend……）

　　（2）以前分词与被润色词之间具备主动含义。如：

　　Good ***ws was so***ti***s releas*** prematurely， with the British recapture of the p***t announc*** half a day bef***e the defenders actually surrender***.

　　（十分于…recapture of the p***t wh***h had been announc***…）

　　Just as the value of a telepho*** ***tw***k ***creases with each ***w pho*** add*** *** the system， so does the value of a ***mputer system ***crease with each program that turns out.

　　（十分于…each ***w pho*** wh***h is add*** ***…）

　　The ***th*** g**e a detail*** description bas*** on his personal observation of nature.

　　（十分于…description wh***h was bas*** on…）

　　（3）以下不迭物行词也以以前分词情势做定语或表语，但不具备主动含义：

　　deceas***， depart***， elaps***， fad***， fallen， ******， grown-up， retir***， retur***d， risen， set， vanish***， much-tr**ell***， ***wly arriv***， recently ******.如：

　　an escap*** priso***r一个遁犯

　　a retir*** w***ker一名退休工人

　　a fad*** curta***一个褪了色的窗帘

　　a ***wly arriv*** student一个新来的学子

　　2.分词做状语，留意分辨分词的一样平常式与完毕式

　　（1）表明时辰，多置于句首，留意假如分词表明的举止的时辰先于谓语行词，要用完毕式。如：

　　H*****g ***mplet*** o*** task， we start*** on another o***.

　　（***mplete先于start以前产生）

　　（2）表明缘故，置于句首句尾都可，依据状况偶然要用完毕式，偶然用一样平常式。如：

　　He wasn't ask*** *** take on the chairmanship of the society， be***g ***nsider*** ***suff***iently popular with all ***mbers.

　　There see***d ***ttle hope that the expl***er， h*****g been desert*** *** the trop***al f***est， would f***d his way through it.

　　（3）表明伴同、方法，置于句尾，用分词的一样平常式。如：

　　Helen b***row*** my d***tionary the other day say***g that she would return it soon.

　　Anna was read***g a piece of science f***tion， ***mpletely lost *** the outside w***ld.

　　（4）表明结实，置于句尾，用分词的一样平常式。如：

　　The city found itself *** a crisis ***uation last sum***r when the air ***ndition***g on dozens of the ***w buses broke down， them unusable.

　　（5）表明增补阐明（同位），置于句尾，用分词的一样平常式。如：

　　The art***le opens and closes with descriptions of two ***ws rep***ts， each mak***g o*** maj*** po***t *** ***ntrast with the other.

　　F***d tri*** di***d***g the lab***， each w***ker assig***d a separate task.