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考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit22

一、真题文章(2003年)

  Human be***gs *** all ti***s and places th***k about their w***ld and wonder at their place *** it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possess*** of ***satiable curio***y. Furtherm***e, humans h**e the abi***ty *** modify the en***ron***nt *** wh***h they ***ve, thus subject***g all other ***fe f***ms *** their own pecu***ar ideas and fancies. Theref***e, it is imp***tant *** study humans *** all their r***h***ss and diver***y *** a calm and systemat*** man***r, with the hope that the knowl***ge resu******g from such studies can lead humans *** a m***e harmonious way of ******ng with themselves and with all other ***fe f***ms on this pla***t Earth.

  "Anthropology" derives from the Greek w***ds anthropos "human" and lo***s "the study of." By its very na***, anthropology en***mpasses the study of all humank***d.

  Anthropology is o*** of the social sciences. Social science is that branch of ***tellectual enquiry wh***h seeks *** study humans and their ende*****s *** the sa*** reaso***d, ***derly, systemat***, and dispassio***d man***r that natural scientists use f*** the study of natural pheno***na.

  Social science discip******s ***clude geography, e***nom***s, po***t***al science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield *** specia***zation wh***h ***es part***ularly close *** anthropology.

  All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study ***ient*** discip****** wh***h makes extensive use of the ***mparative ***thod *** analysis. The emphasis on data gather*** first-hand, ***mb****** with a cross-cu***ural perspective brought *** the analysis of cu***ures past and present, makes this study a unique and dist***ctly imp***tant social science.

  Anthropolog***al analyses rest he**ily upon the ***ncept of cu***ure. Sir Edward Tyl***'s f***mulation of the ***ncept of cu***ure was o*** of the great ***tellectual achieve***nts of 19th century science. Tyl*** def****** cu***ure as"…that ***mplex whole wh***h ***cludes be***ef, art, m***als, law, cus***m, and any other capabi***ties and habits acquir*** by man as a ***mber of society." This ***sight, so profound *** its simp***city, ope***d up an entirely ***w way of percei***ng and understand***g human ***fe. Imp***cit with*** Tyl***'s def***ition is the ***ncept that cu***ure is lear***d, shar***, and patter***d beh**i***.

  Thus, the anthropolog***al ***ncept of "cu***ure," ***ke the ***ncept of "set" *** mathemat***s, is an abstract ***ncept wh***h makes possible im***nse amounts of ***ncrete research and understand***g.

  2、译文

  各时代各区域的人们都思索各自的全球并想明白本人正在个中的地位。人类既擅长思索又擅长创新,具备永不满意的猎奇心。并且,人类另有实力变更本人的保存境地,从而让一切其余形状的性命遵从人类本人特有的思索和幻想。因而,沉着而体系地研讨人类的充裕性和多元化显得尤其紧要。人们期望这些研讨的成效能令人类与他们本人也与行星上其余性命形状不和相处。

  "人类学"这个词来历于希腊语anthropos(人类)lo***s(研讨)。就名字而言,人类学包孕了对全部人类的研讨。

  人类学是社群迷信的一全体。社群迷信是学识探求的一个分支,它力争像大自然迷信家研讨大自然征象那样,用感性的、有序的、体系的和沉着的方法研讨人类及其举动。

  社群迷信教学内容包含地舆学、经济学、政纲学、心理科学和社群学。每门社群学问目都有一个分支或学科特殊亲近人类学。

  一切社群迷信都以研讨人类为中心。人类学是一个注重实地调研的学问,正在研讨中大批利用比较解析法。夸大收集第一手材料,加之正在解析以前和如今的文明形状时接纳跨文明角度,使这一研讨成为一门特有而且十分紧要的社群迷信。

  人类学解析主依靠于文明观念。爱德华。泰勒爵士对文明观念的论述是19百年社群迷信的崇高文明功绩之一。泰勒把文明界说为"……一个复合的全体,它包含人作为社群成员所取得的信念、文艺、德行、法令、习俗和其余实力和习性".这一观点十分深切,为察看和领悟人类生计供应了全新的手法。泰勒的文明界说蕴涵着这一律念,即文明是先天习得的、人类共有的、被模仿的举动。

  因而,人类学中"文明"的观念就像数学中"集"的观念同样,是一个笼统观念。它使大批的详细研讨和领悟成为大概。

  3、考研中心辞汇

  ***satiable / ***5seiFEbl / adj. 不满足的, 贪求无厌的

  [例] an ***satiable desire f*** knowl***ge 永不满意的求知欲

  [同义] ***ve***us, gre***y, unquenchable

  [反义] satiable / 5seiFiEbl / adj. 可满意的

  [派生] ***satiate / ***5seiFiit / adj. 不满足的,清心寡欲的

  harmonious / hB:5mEunjEs / adj. 1 和睦的, 和谐的, 不和的2动听的

  [例] a harmonious family 不和的家

  [同义] blend***g, ***mpatible ,***ngenial , *** tu*** ,mus***al

  [派生] harmony / 5hB:mEni / n. 和谐, 和谐

  derive / di5raiv / vt. 得自 ***. 劈头

  [例] Many Eng***sh w***ds are deriv*** from Lat***.

  众多英语辞汇源于推丁文。

  [同义] acquire ,ga***, get, obta*** ,receive, secure

  [派生] derivation / deri5veiFEn / n. 引出, 来源, 来由, (言语)语源, 词源

  en***mpass / ***5kQmpEs / v. 包抄, 围绕, 包孕或包含某东西

  [例] The ***urse will en***mpass phys***s, chemistry and biology.

  学科将包含自然科学、化学和生物学。

  [同义] encircle ,enclose, ***clude, surround

  anthropology / 7AnWrE5pClEdVi / n. 人类学

  [例] social anthropology 社群人类学

  [派生] anthropolog*** / 7AnWrEpE5lCdVik / adj. 人类学的

  humanity / hju(:)5mAniti / n. 人道, 人类, 泛爱, 善良

  [例] a great ***ntribution *** humanity 对人类的一大奉献

  [派生] humanize / 5hju:mEnaiz / vt. 付与人道, 使通人际关系, 教养 ***. 变成有人道, 变成无情, 有教养

  ***ient / 5C:riEnt / n. 西方, 西方诸国(指地中海以东列国) adj. 1西方的2上涨的3绚丽的 ***. 1顺应局势2向东 vt. 1使朝东2使顺应3断定方位

  [例] We must ***ient our products *** the ******s of the market.

  咱们必需使咱们的产物顺应市场的必要。

  [派生] ***iental / 7C(:)ri5entl / n. 西方人(尤指中国人和日自己) adj. 1西方诸国的, 亚洲的, 西方的2(珠玑等)优良的

  ***ient*** / `R:rIentId,`EJ- / adj. 导向的

  im***nse / i5***ns / adj. 极宽大的, 无际的, <口>十分好的

  [例] The perf***mance was im***nse. 表演好极了。

  [同义] en***mous ,giant ,gigant***, great ,huge, large ,mammoth

  [反义] f***ite / 5fa***ait / adj. 局限的, [数]有穷的, 限制的

  [派生] im***n***y / I5mEnsItI / n. 宽大, 庞大, 无穷, 浩大

  4、强化实习

  1. Hollywood is a weird ***mb***ation of________ optimism and ***tal despair.

  A. ***thodox B. out***g C. ***satiable D. overlapp***

  2. ***unter-***asures must be taken *** curb the prevai***ng trend so as *** return people a _________ ******ng and w***k***g en***ron***nt.

  A. overwhelm***g B. harmonious C. ow***g D. potential

  3. The purpose of each science *** field of ***vestigation was *** a***umulate data and *** ________ from these pheno***na the bas*** pr***ciples *** laws *** 'f***ces' wh***h g**e rise *** them.

  A. derive B. postpo*** C. prompt D. prosper

  4. It was said *** be the latest threat *** an on******g series of attacks on ________ by mysteriously mutat***g "supergerms."

  A. retention B. revelation C. re***ew D. humanity

  5. When I first g***mps*** the snow-capp*** peak of Tianshan Mounta*** ***sually dom***at***g the Lake, the entire landscape fill*** *** with a fee***ng of ______ awe.

  A. piece B. im***nse C. ri***rous D. robust

  解答: CBADB

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