08年职称英语英汉对照上百例精选(第四十四篇)

44.An Introduction *** Distillation .
　　 44、蒸馏概述
　　 1. Petrol***m ref******g is the separation of petrol***m ****** fractions and the subsequent treat***g of these fractions *** make them ****** petrol***m products. Most petrol***m products, ***clud***g kerose***s, fuel oils, lubr***at***g oils, and waxes, are fractions of petrol***m that h**e been treat*** *** remove undesirable ***mpo***nts. Other products, f*** example, gaso******s, aromat*** solvents, and even so*** aspha***s, are ***tally *** partly synthet*** *** that they h**e ***mpo***ions that are impossible *** achieve by direct separation of these materials from crude petrol***m. They resu*** from chem***al processes that change the molecular nature of select*** p***tions of crude petrol***m; *** other w***ds, they are the products of ref******g *** they are ref****** products.
　　 1、原油炼制将要原油分别成各类馏分，而后将这些馏分经由处置，制成各类原油产物。大全体原油产物，包含火油、燃料油、光滑油和白腊，都是原油经由处置去掉不必要的成份而失去的原油馏分。其余原油产物，如汽油、芳烃溶剂、乃至包含有些沥青，则是经由过程完整大概全体分解而制作的。由于构成这些产物的物资成份无奈经由过程间接分别原油取得，而是经由过程化学回应历程，从原油当选定某些成份并变更其份子属性而取得的。换言之，它们是经由过程炼制失去的，或称为炼制产物。
　　 2. Ref******g petrol***m is a ***mplex series of steps by wh***h the ***ig***al crude material is eventually ***nvert*** ****** salable products with the desir*** qua***ties and, perhaps m***e imp***tant, *** the amounts d***tat*** by the market.
　　 2、原油炼制包孕一系列繁杂的历程。经由过程这些历程，原油质料终极转化成为可发卖的产物。这些产物正在品质上切合人类必要，而更紧要的是它们正在数目上切合市场需求。
　　 3. In fact, a ref***ery is essentially a group of manufactur***g plants that vary *** number with the variety of products produc***; ref***ery processes must be select*** and products manufactur*** *** give a balanc*** operation: that is, crude oil must be ***nvert*** ****** products a******d***g *** the rate of sale of each. F*** example, the manufacture of products from the lower boi***ng p***tion of petrol***m ******mat***ally produces a certa*** amount of higher boi***ng ***mpo***nts. If the latter cannot be sold as, say, he**y fuel oil, they a***umulate until ref***ery s***rage faci***ties are full. To prevent the o***urrence of such a ***uation, the ref***ery must be flexible and able *** change operations as *********. This usually ***ans m***e processes-a crack***g process *** change an excess of he**y fuel oil ****** m***e gaso****** with ***ke as the residual product *** a vacuum distillation process *** separate the he**y oil ****** lubr***at***g oil s***cks and aspha***—*** a***ommodate the ever-chang***g demands of the market.
　　 3、实在上，炼油厂从基本上说是一组临盆安装，其数目依据临盆产物的分歧而分歧。炼油手艺须经挑选，产物临盆应当均衡：即从原油临盆产物必需根据每产物的发卖速率而举行。好比，从沸点较低的组分临盆原油产物，就会主动发生必定数目的高沸点产物。假如高沸点产物，如重燃料油，无奈发卖，这些产物就会积存，直到装满炼厂的贮存举措措施。要制止这类状况显现，炼厂应接纳灵敏办法，并可以依据必要变更操控。一样平常而言，这象征着必要更多的手艺以顺应持续变革的市场需要：使用裂化手艺将多余重燃料油转化成汽油，而焦碳成为剩余品；大概使用真空蒸馏手艺将重油分化成光滑油和沥青。
　　 4.In addition, a ***mplete ref******g ***stallation must ***clude the follow***g: all ***cessary non-process***g faci***ties; adequate tankage f*** s***r***g crude oil, ***ter***diate, and f***ish*** products; a dependable source of electr***al power, material-hand***ng equip***nt; w***k***ps and supp***es f*** ma***ta******g a ***nt***uous 24 h/day, 7 day/week operation; waste disposal and water-treat***g equip***nt; and product-blend***g faci***ties.
　　 4、别的，一套完备的炼油安装须包含下列设施：一切必需的非手艺举措措施：充足的储罐容量用以贮存原油、中央产物和制品；牢靠的电力和物资处置设施来历；用于保持一天24小时，一周7天一连运行所需的车间和材料：废物和脏水处置设施；和产物调合举措措施。