英语阅读训练:中国是否将成为高科技巨人
The myth beh***d Ch***a as a high-tech Go***ath?
H*****g be****** w***k***p *** the w***ld, is Ch***a pois*** *** s***rm the bastions of its high-technology ***dustries? Thanks partly *** f***eign expansion by Huawei, tele***mmun***ations equip***nt maker, and a few other Ch***ese ***mpanies, the idea is start***g *** be taken seriously abroad above all *** the US, ever jealous of its technolog***al pre-em***ence.
So*** ***m***nta***rs pr******t Ch***a may rival US ***f***mation technology leadership *** o***y a decade. Its scientif*** achieve***nts also provoke awe. Stephen M***ger, a stem-cell scientist who l*** a England fact-f***d***g mission *** Ch***a last year, says he was stun***d by the sophist***ation of its ***d***al research and lab***a***ries.
S***ce the late 1980s, the number of science and eng***eer***g doc***rates award*** *** Ch***a has explod***. It now has m***e researchers than Japan. Its annual research and develop***nt spend***g, though still well below US levels, is ris***g five ti***s faster, while the Organisation f*** E***nom*** ***-operation and Develop***nt says Ch***a's biggest exp***ts are now high-tech products. But those dazz***ng statist***s mask an often m***e munda*** rea***ty. The bulk of Ch***a's high-tech exp***ts are actually low-marg*** ***mmodity products such as personal ***mputers and DVD players, assembl*** from imp***t*** ***mpo***nts that a***ount f*** most of their value.
In ***ntrast *** the ho***-grown IT ***dustries of Japan and South K***ea, two-thirds *** m***e of those exp***ts are from partly *** wholly f***eign-ow***d plants. Ch***a's state-ow***d ***mpanies spend relatively ***ttle on R&D and h**e almost no ***ternational brands *** distribution ***tw***ks, a drawback acknowl***g*** by Lenovo's purchase of IBM's barely profitable PC bus***ess.
Ah, say the Ch***a-boosters, but all that is ***re prologue. Ch***a's abundant cheap bra***power, e***rgy and determ***ation *** su***e*** make it o***y a matter of ti*** bef***e it grows ****** a f***midable knowl***ge e***nomy. Aga***, appearances may deceive. R&D eff***t is o***y a rather crude ***asure of ***put. Its e***nom*** value depends on the qua***ty of output and how it is ***m***rcia***z***. On both ***unts, Ch***a still has much *** prove.
Its eng***eers' high ca***bre and low ***st h**e spurr*** western ***mpanies such as Ge***ral Electr*** and International Bus***ess Mach***es *** set up lab***a***ries there. But Ch***a's state-ow***d enterprises seem less adroit at exploit***g those assets. The OECD last year g**e most SOEs low marks f*** ***novation and f*** tra******g and ***ganiz***g researchers. McK***sey, the manage***nt ***nsu***ancy, says Ch***a's software ***dustry lags beh***d India's, bec***se of its frag***nt*** structure and po*** manage***nt. That may change as m***e f***eign-tra****** IT eng***eers with bus***ess experience return from abroad. However, they face big barriers *** dissem***at***g technology across ***dustry. Not o***y are f***eign ***mpanies operat***g *** Ch***a ***creas***gly careful *** keep ***re technologies *** themselves but Ch***ese ***mpanies ***llab***ate ***ttle with each other *** with univer***ies.
Weak ***tellectual property laws, long assail*** by western ***mpanies, are also a self-***f***ct*** hand***ap bec***se they pro***de no rewards f*** ***novation. Ch***a's ***ternational patent app***cations, though grow***g, are still less than 1 percent of the ***tal fil*** *** the US and Europe. And while start-up ***mpanies abound *** Ch***a, they are po***ly supp***t*** by its f***ancial system. Its bigger banks f**our lend***g *** state-ow***d ***dustries;venture capital is *** its ***fancy, and the ***untry's immature equity market fails *** offer the dependable exit route demand*** by sophist***at*** early-stage ***ves***rs.
That ***mpels many ***mpany founders *** rely on funds rais*** from relatives. So*** manage***nt gurus be***eve Ch***a's model of family-bas*** capita***sm is a shaky foundation f*** endur***g ***rp***ate structures. Japan's Ken***hi Ohmae says his su***es**ul Ch***ese friends care m***e about gett***g r***h qu***kly than creat***g w***ld-beat***g bus***esses.
His***rians puzzle over why, f*** 500 years after ***vent***g gunpowder, Ch***a ***vent*** so ***ttle else. No ***untry, of ***urse, is bound *** repeat his***ry, and Ch***a has sh*** centuries of ***sularity *** embrace f***eign ***vest***nt, trade and technology. But whether its future is as a high-tech powerhouse *** its own right *** as the w***ld's biggest branch-plant e***nomy rema***s an open question.
一、参考译文:
中国事否将成为高技术伟人
正在成为全球厂房以后,中国事否已做好筹办对外国的高技术领域倡议强攻?全体因为电信业设施制作商华为(Huawei)和其他一些中国企业的国外扩大,其他国度已起始专注思索上述思想,特殊是usa,由于它一向惟恐得到本人的技术身份。
一些批评家预测,不出10年,中国就可以考验usa正在IT技术(IT)学术方向的领导人身份。中国的迷信功绩也使人畏敬。干细胞迷信家史蒂芬?明格 (Stephen M***ger)客岁曾经带领一个英国的实地调研团去中国探访,他说,中国的医学科学研讨和试验室云云先辈成熟,令他大吃一惊。
自上百年80年月以来,中国被付与理工科博士头衔的人数目激增。中国的研讨职员数目现已凌驾日本。中国每一年的研究开发开销仍巨大低于usa的程度,但增加速率却比usa快5倍以上,同时经济协作与进展构造(OECD)表明,中国如今入口多的是高技术产物。但这些夺目的数据统计数目拆穿了一个一般不那末卓越的事实。中国大全体“高技术”入口品实在上都是低盈余率的大批货品,好比团体计算机和DVD播放机等,它们由入口的整件组装而成,这些整件占有了大全体的产物价钱。
与日本及韩河山生土长的IT领域相同,中国3分之2或以上的IT入口品都是外商合伙或独资的厂房制作。中国的国有公司正在研究开发方面的开销十分少,并且差不多不世界牌子和分销互联网。遐想收买世界商用机械企业(IBM)差不多不红利的团体计算机营业,便是对这一缺点的供认。
看好中国的人则说,啊,但这所有仅是个开首。中国有着充裕而便宜的人材物资和能量资源,和获得胜利的意志,因而中国成熟为使人生畏的“学识经济体”仅是个时辰疑问。别的,外表征象不敷信。研究开发仅是对投入资金的一个十分浅显的掂量规范,其经济价钱取决于产出量的品质和货品化方法。对这两种说法,中都城还必要好好地证实。
中国的工程师程度高,费用低,这已促使通用电气(GE)和IBM等东方公司正在华建立试验室。但中国的国有公司好似不那末擅长使用这些资产。正在革新、培养和构造研讨职员方面,经合构造(OECD)客岁给大多半中国国有公司的评分都非常低。治理询问企业麦肯锡(McK***sey)表明,中国的软件业滞后于印度,缘故便是中国软件公司构架松懈、治理不善。伴着更多受过国外培养、又有实行阅历的IT工程师回到中国,这一情况大概会变更。但他们面对庞大的停滞,无奈正在全部领域宣扬手艺。不但是正在华营运的本国企业愈来愈当心,对中心手艺秘而不泄,中国公司与公司、公司与高等学府之间也少少举行协作。
中国的学识产权法令脆弱,这点临时受到东方企业的打击,同样成为中国自我形成的停滞,由于脆弱的法令不为革新供应报答。中国的世界特许请求数目固然正在增多,但仍不到usa和欧洲特许请求总数的1%.别的,固然正在中国有大批始创公司,但中国的财经系统对这些公司支撑不敷。正在中国,较大的金融机构喜爱存款给国有领域,危险投入还处正在抽芽阶段,而中国不可熟的股份市场也无奈为夺目的早期投入者供应牢靠的加入渠道。
这迫使众多企业创立者依托从亲戚那儿张罗的资本。一些治理大家以为,正在构成耐久的企业构架方面,中国的家属式资金理念样式无奈充任安定的基石。日本的大前研一(Ken***hi Ohmae)表明,他那些取得胜利的中国友人们更关注迅速致富,而不是打造环球无双的公司。
正在创造炸药后的500年间,中国差不多不啥新创造,史册学家对此感应狐疑迷惑。固然,不哪一个国度必定要反复史册,而且中国也已开脱了数个百年的闭闭自守,而向本国投入、商贸和手艺开展了度量。但中国前途将依附本身实力成为一个高技术强国,仍是会成为全世界大的分支厂房经济体,这还是个谜。
2、重点辞汇
1、Go***ath n. [圣经]被牧羊人大卫杀死的Phi***st***e的伟人
2、be pois*** *** 随时随刻筹办着做
3、preem***ence n.杰出
4、rival v.竞赛,匹敌,相对抗;n.竞赛者,敌手
5、provoke vt.触怒,唆使,鼓动,引起,使令
6、stun vt.使晕倒,使恐吓,打晕;n.晕眩,打昏,惊倒
7、a***ount f*** v.占
8、*** ***ntrast *** 和……构成比较
9、prologue n.叙言
10、deceive v.坑骗,行骗
11、spur v.推动,激励,奔驰,驱使
12、dissem***ate v.分布
13、***llab***ate with v.协作,与仇敌协作,通敌
14、self-***f***ct*** adj.本人形成的
15、venture capital n.危险资金
16、***mpel vt.强制,迫使
17、be bound *** 必定要
18、sh*** vt.开脱
19、embrace vt.怀抱
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