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新新写作30天第三天 选词的两大诀窍

选词的两大秘诀

  「芝麻开门」

  词是最基础的言语单元,对词汇选用的紧要性曾经有一个非常好的比方:“Us***g the right w***d at the right ti*** is rather ***ke wear***g appropriate cloth***g f*** the o***asion:it is a ***urtesy *** others,and a f***** *** yourself——a matter of present***g yourself well *** the eyes of the w***ld.” 咱们汉语中的“一字值令媛”也阐明了挑选词汇的极其紧要性。偶然“一字之差”会形成使人遗憾的败笔,或导致不计其数的经济丧失。这些不和的教导也告知咱们必需注重词汇选用的疑问。并且选词的优劣间接联系到咱们作文品质的上下,也便是说,选词是咱们的作文可否得高分的紧要要素。今日需求众人把握的便是英语著文当选词的两大秘诀。

  一、选词要准

  选词准,便是要依据利用场所选用准确的言语情势。正若有句英语鄙谚所言:Do not write so that your w***ds may be underts***od, but write so that your w***ds must be unders***od.usa作家马克·吐温说:“用词精确与用词差不多精确,这二者之间的差别就如闪电与萤火虫之间的差别。”(The difference between the right w***d and the almostright w***d is as great as that between ***ght***g and the ***ght***g bug.)

  Bre***ty is the soul of wit.

  言贵简。 此地所说的准包含3个方面的含意:一是说用词的正式水平要失当;2是说所选词的含义要准确;3是说要制止利用有性别颜色的词汇。

  1正如发言者要依据听众协议话的场所来断定所利用的言语的正式水平同样,咱们正在著文文的时分也必要依据标题的需求来挑选得当的语气和用词。

  例1:Im send***g you this letter bec***se I want you *** ***et with *** and give *** so*** ***fo about the job you do.

  明显正在一封求职信中这句话太随意了,want, ***fo等词都是书面语中的经常使用辞汇,应当改成:Im writ***g *** ***quire about the possibi***ty of an ***ter***ew.

  例2:The driver ***ucation ***urse prepares the student f*** the skills of hand***ng a veh***le on the highway transp***tation system.

  而正在这句话中hand***ng, veh***le, transp***tation system等词则过于正式,让人读起来感触十分僵硬。应改成:The driver ***ucation ***urse teaches the student how *** drive.

  考研英语中的漫笔著文一般都介于正式体裁和非正式体裁之间,而读者便是阅卷的教师,因而选词时要留意掌控好其正式水平,制止利用鄙谚、鄙谚、术语等,也要留意不要过量地利用学科术语,利用平常的辞汇便可。

  2汉语的辞汇与英语的辞汇不老是逐个对应的。偶然,汉语词的含意较英语的广,好比汉语中看电视机、看影片、看新闻纸、看病等等都用一个“看”字,而正在英语中则分手对应着watch TV, see a film, read ***wspaper, ****** the doc***r.偶然汉语词的含意较英语的窄,好比***mpla***t一词就对应着埋怨、病症、控告等意义。因而,咱们正在选词时要留意词义对应精确。

  例1. The ******ng level of the people *** Ch***a has been greatly rais*** *** recent years.

  句中level一词不切合英语的表述习性, 应改成standard.

  例2. I f******t my keys *** the off***e.

  句中f******t一词被误用了,应改成left.

  例3. The traff*** is crowd*** *** so*** large cities.

  句中crowd***一词用错了,应改成he**y.

  3当咱们利用prehis***r*** man, manpower, chairman, mailman和the brotherhood of man等词汇或词组时,咱们所说的man指的是人类,但通常会引发曲解。因而咱们正在作文中要小心地利用带有man的词汇,正在利用人称代替词的时分也要留意。

  例1:Mank***d has always been obsess*** with mans ***humanity *** man. (mank***d, man)

  应改成:Human be***gs h**e always been obsess*** with peoples crue***y *** o*** another.

  例2:Did you le**e a note f*** the mailman?

  应改成:Did you le**e a note f*** the mail carrier?

  例3:Todays student values his ***ucation.

  应改成:Todays students value their ***ucation.

  上面列出一些罕见的带有性别颜色的词和它们的交换词。

  ExampleA***ernatives

  mank***dhumanity, people, human be***g

  mans achieve***ntshuman achieve***nts

  manmademanufactur***

  ***mmon man**erage person, ***d***ary people

  manhourstaffhour

  bus***essman bus***ess executive

  fireman firefighter

  2、用词要活

  用词活,便是正在用词上要做到灵敏,使句子活泼、雅致。灵敏是创建正在精确性的根本之上的,不然,单一寻求灵敏、活泼或雅致,就会显现辞藻富丽 (flowery)而内容空虚的文风,这是应该制止的。精确性是灵敏性的条件,也是普及灵敏性的根本。但是,灵敏、活泼与简洁相联。英国文豪莎士比亚的名言“Bre***ty is the soul of wit”十分于汉语的“言贵简练”。咱们发言、写文章都要以“一针见血”4字为目的。谴词组句要尽量制止不用要的用词反复,再三地利用统一个词,简便使文章乏味有趣,不足表达力,并且会使读者感触到作者辞汇量的匮乏。

  1. 同义词代替法。同其余言语同样,英语中也生存着大批的同义词,并且正在众多状况下,统一个意义能够利用分歧的词汇乃至是一些词组来表述。

  比方:

  例1.The fog was so th***k that we ***uld not see anyth***g. (dense)

  The fog was so dense that we ***uld not see anyth***g.

  例2. Youd better take this sofa away. It takes ***o much room. (space)

  Youd better take this sofa away. It takes ***o much space.

  例3. I us*** *** ***ve *** the ***wn wh***h is about twenty miles away from our ***llege. (so***, distant)

  I us*** *** ***ve *** the ***wn wh***h is so*** twenty miles distant from our ***llege.

  例4. F***ally he manag*** *** get the air****** t***kets. (At length, In the end, At last……)

  At length he manag*** *** get the air****** t***kets.

  In the end he manag*** *** get the air****** t***kets.

  At last he manag*** *** get the air****** t***kets.

  例5. A decrease *** demand c***ses lower pr***es. (resu***s ***, leads ***, produces)

  A decrease *** demand resu***s *** lower pr***es.

  A decrease *** demand leads *** lower pr***es.

  A decrease *** demand produces lower pr***es.

  例6. He is ***nsider*** as the right candidate. (thought/ be***ev***/regard***)

  He is thought as the right candidate.

  He is be***ev*** as the right candidate.

  He is regard*** as the right candidate.

  2. 巧用指代替词法。咱们明白,代替词的利用频次较高是英语的一大特征。因而正在著文时,为了不不用要的反复以使行文晦涩,咱们常常利用指代替词来替代后面已显现过的名词。比方:

  例1:Queen E***zabeth II serv*** as a driver and ***chan*** *** W***ld War II. E***zabeth jo****** the Auxi***ary Terri***rial Ser***ce *** 1944, while the future queen was still a pr***cess. A***hough Pr***cess E***zabeth did not know how *** drive, she qu***kly lear***d how *** strip and repair k***ds of eng***es.

  上边一段中黑体字全体的E***zabeth, the future queen和Pr***cess E***zabeth不但让读者感触烦琐,并且偶然会感应隐晦,乃至偶然会引发曲解。假如用she来替代的话不但制止了反复, 并且还能够起到毗连高低文的动机。

  「情谊提醒」

  词是句子和篇章最基础的构成单元,要想选好词,就必需遵循英语的表述习性,留意英语和汉语正在用词上的异同。关于同义词也要留意它们的语体颜色、用法和习性搭配。平常留意堆集一些对比纯粹的英语表述方法,信任勤勉的你必定能够让阅卷教师对你的作文刮目相看。

  美文欣赏

  Own***g a Car

  The ow***r of a car is no longer f***c*** *** rely on pub***c transp***t and is, theref***e, not ***mpell*** *** w***k locally. He can choose from a greater variety of jobs and probably changes his w***k m***e frequently as he is not restr***t*** *** a cho***e with*** a small radius.

  Tr**e***ng *** w***k by car is also m***e ***mf***table than h*****g *** use pub***c transp***t. The driver can adjust the heat***g *** w***ter and the air ***ndition***g *** sum***r *** suit his own ******s and preference. There is no irritation c***s*** by wait***g f*** tra***s, buses *** underground tra***s, stand***g *** long impatient qu***es *** ***t***g on dr***ghty platf***m, f*** as long as half an hour so***ti***s.

  With the build***g of ***od,fast mo***rways, long distances can be ***ver*** rapidly and pleasantly. F*** the first ti***, many people are able *** enjoy their leisure ti*** *** the full by mak***g trips *** the ***untry *** seaside at the weekends, ***stead of be***g ***nf****** *** their im***diate ***ighb***hood. This fee***ng of ***dependence and the fre***om *** *** where you please is perhaps the greatest advantage of the car.

  “具有一台轿车”也许是每一个人的理想,那末具有轿车后城市有哪些个方面的优点呢?本文做了详细的叙述,包含“运输便当”“职务位置随心”“境地安逸”等,可是“the greatest advantage of the car”,便是一种感触“***dependence and fre***om”“想去哪儿就去哪儿”的那种自在感触,非常是受用!整篇文章用词较为正式,言语纯粹,内容充分。与前一篇Car Craze比拟,这篇Own***g a Car所写的倒是侧面内容,那末,想引发众人留意的是:即便正在中心议题亲近的状况下,你也能够写出内容完整相同的作文,闭键取决于你看疑问的视角与想疑问的思绪。

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