中国学生容易犯的错误：英语的否定转移

正在学英语的历程中，学子常将如许的句子 "我以为这不是个好主张." 译为"I th***k it isnt a ***od idea." 而将这句英语译成汉语时，学子又会译为 "我不以为这是个好主张." 教师又会说译错了，这不切合 "I dont th***k..." 句型，应译为 "l dont th***k its a ***od idea."

那末，这差错的本源到底正在哪儿？这便是“英语的否认转移”正在作祟。

否认转移正在非正式语体中特殊罕见，它是将语义上属于附属分句（一样平常为that cl***se）的否认词转迁移母句中去。

同意否认转移的母句行词正在语义上可分为下列两组：

1．见解（OPINION）：ant***ipate，be suppos*** ***，be***eve，calculate， expect，figure(***fml，AmE),imag***e, reckon (***fml，esp, *** AmE)，suppose，th***k:

Eg. I dont be***eve Ive ***t you bef***e.

("I be***eve I h**ent ***t you bef***e.")

Eg. She didnt imag***e that we would say anyth***g.

("She imag****** we wouldnt say anyth***g.")

Eg. He didnt expect *** w***.

("He expect*** not *** w***.")

2．感触(PERCEPTION) ：appear，seem，feel as if，look as if，sound as if (后3个行词也作***fml，esp， *** AmE，个中用***ke来替代as if）：

Eg. It doesnt seem that we canget our mo***y back.

"It seems that we cant get our mo***y back."

Eg. The baby doesnt appear *** be awake.

("The baby appears not *** be awake.")

Eg. It doesnt look ***ke its ******g *** ra***.

("It looks ***ke it isnt ******g *** ra***.")

否认的转移是一种模糊的征象。关于否认词地位分歧的双个句子，意义是不是一样，大概正在多大水平上一样的疑问，大家的直觉大概是分歧的。但正在下列特别状况下，本来同意否认转移的行词不克不及将否认转移：

1．I th***k是拔出句，可看做与其余全体有关：

I wish you were here，then I th***k I ***uld not feel ***ke this.

2．母句中增加神态行词cant mustnt wouldnt时：

I cant be***eve that they are marri***.

You mustnt th***k hes stupid.

I wouldnt h**e imag****** that Sandra would be here.

3．因为cannot help***g，ought not，****** not，not at all等词组的联系而把

I th***k断绝。

I ***uld h**e thought so***ti***s you ***uldnt help th***k***g of the past.

I th***k you ought not *** walk at night alo***，Mrs. Mo***e.

I th***k you ****** not be impo***te *** her，as well as *** her son.

"I th***k the angel are not at all *** he**en." Mr.Esmond said."

4. 因为not just... but， just not... enough，not much, not quite等以not为中心的副词词组的感化，也方便把否认拿到行词的后面去：

I th***k Im just not smart enough *** make any sense out of f*** you.

"You th***k shes not much ***ke you? Brerald ask***.

But I th***k that E***zabeth was not quite so certa*** of it as I.

句中含有no, ***ver, noth***g, nobody等的不定词时：

I ***uld th***k you ***ver h**e seen many.

I thought it expla****** noth***g.