08年职称英语理工B级练习：概括大意
1. The term “drug abuse" most often refers *** the use of a drug with such frequency that it c***ses phys***al of ***ntal harm *** the user *** impairs social function***g. A***hough the term seems *** imply that users abuse the drugs they take, *** fact, it is themselves *** others they abuse by us***g drugs.
2. Pharma***logists, who study the effects of drugs, classify psychoactive drugs a******d***g *** what they do *** those who take them. Drugs that spe*** up signals pass***g through the ***rvous system, wh***h is made up of the bra*** and sp***al ***rd, and produce alert***ss and arousal and, *** higher doses, excitabi***ty, and ***hibit fatigue and sleep, are call*** stimulants. Drugs that retard, slow down, *** depress signals pass***g through the central ***rvous system and produce relaxation, a lower***g of anxiety, and, at higher doses, drows***ess and sleep, are call*** depressants. O*** dist***ct k***d of depressants are those wh***h dull the m***d’s perception of pa*** and *** ***d******e are us*** as pa***killers, *** analges***s. These drugs call*** nar***t***s.
3. It is not always easy *** determ***e exactly when simple drug use be******s abuse. Thus it is far easier *** study who uses illegal psychoactive drugs than it is *** study who abuses them. When researchers describe patterns of drug abuse, then, they usually describe the m***e ge***ral pheno***non of drug use, whether it leads *** abuse *** not.
4. Dr***k***g on the job is a social and e***nom*** problem with a long his***ry. With the grow***g popularity of illegal drugs *** the 1960s and 1970s, it was *** be expect*** that their use *** the w***kplace would e***rge as a maj*** issue by the 1980s. Estimates of employee drug use vary greatly, rang***g from 10 percent *** 25 percent f*** the prop***tion of w***kers who use drugs o***asionally on the job. The safe perf***mance of so*** o***upations-among them, air****** pilot, air traff***.
5. From the 1920s until the 1960s, treat***nt of drug abuse *** the Unit*** States was pract***ally nonexistent. Dur***g this period many off***ials did not be***eve that treat***nt was effective *** ***cessary. Drug abusers and sellers were simply arrest*** and impriso***d, thereby dis***urag***g use. The dramat*** explosion *** the use and abuse of a wide range of different drugs dur***g the 1960s demonstrat*** the weak***ss of this the***y. As a resu***, two treat***nt programs were develop*** dur***g the 1960s.
2. Pharma***logists, who study the effects of drugs, classify psychoactive drugs a******d***g *** what they do *** those who take them. Drugs that spe*** up signals pass***g through the ***rvous system, wh***h is made up of the bra*** and sp***al ***rd, and produce alert***ss and arousal and, *** higher doses, excitabi***ty, and ***hibit fatigue and sleep, are call*** stimulants. Drugs that retard, slow down, *** depress signals pass***g through the central ***rvous system and produce relaxation, a lower***g of anxiety, and, at higher doses, drows***ess and sleep, are call*** depressants. O*** dist***ct k***d of depressants are those wh***h dull the m***d’s perception of pa*** and *** ***d******e are us*** as pa***killers, *** analges***s. These drugs call*** nar***t***s.
3. It is not always easy *** determ***e exactly when simple drug use be******s abuse. Thus it is far easier *** study who uses illegal psychoactive drugs than it is *** study who abuses them. When researchers describe patterns of drug abuse, then, they usually describe the m***e ge***ral pheno***non of drug use, whether it leads *** abuse *** not.
4. Dr***k***g on the job is a social and e***nom*** problem with a long his***ry. With the grow***g popularity of illegal drugs *** the 1960s and 1970s, it was *** be expect*** that their use *** the w***kplace would e***rge as a maj*** issue by the 1980s. Estimates of employee drug use vary greatly, rang***g from 10 percent *** 25 percent f*** the prop***tion of w***kers who use drugs o***asionally on the job. The safe perf***mance of so*** o***upations-among them, air****** pilot, air traff***.
5. From the 1920s until the 1960s, treat***nt of drug abuse *** the Unit*** States was pract***ally nonexistent. Dur***g this period many off***ials did not be***eve that treat***nt was effective *** ***cessary. Drug abusers and sellers were simply arrest*** and impriso***d, thereby dis***urag***g use. The dramat*** explosion *** the use and abuse of a wide range of different drugs dur***g the 1960s demonstrat*** the weak***ss of this the***y. As a resu***, two treat***nt programs were develop*** dur***g the 1960s.