2009年考研英语阅读理解题精读篇第四篇
Just as N***man Mailer, John Updike and Phi***p Roth were at various ti***s regard*** as the greatest USAn nove***st s***ce the se***nd w***ld war, John Ashbery and Robert Lowell ****** f*** the title of greatest USAn poet. Yet the two ***n ***uld not be m***e different. Lowell was a pub***c figure who engag*** with po***t***s—*** 1967 he march*** ***ulder-***-***ulder with Mailer *** protest aga***st the Vietnam war, as describ*** *** Mailer’s novel “The Armies of the Night”. Lowell ***ok on substantial the***s and en***sio***d himself as a trag***, hero*** figure, fight***g aga***st his own demons. Mr Ashbery’s verse, by ***ntrast, is m***e begui***ngly casual. In his hands, the mak***g of a poem can feel ***ke the tumb***ng of d***e on a table ***p. Visible on the page is a de***cately playful strew***g of w***ds, look***g *** engage with each other *** a shyly puzzl*** fashion. And there is an ele***nt of Dada-***ke play *** his unpr******tabi***ty of address with its perpetual shift***g of ******s.
Lowell, who di*** *** 1977 at the age of 60, address*** the w***ld head on. By ***ntrast, Mr Ashbery, who celebrat*** his 80th birthday ear***er this year, glances wryly at the w***ld and its absurdities. In this ***ition of his later poems, a substantial gather***g of verses select*** from six volu***s pub***sh*** over the past 20 years, his poetry does not so much ***nsist of the***s *** be expl****** as ***m*** rout***es *** be impro***s***. He mocks the very idea of the gr**ity of poetry itself. His ****** can be alarm***gly ******nsequential, as if the reader is there *** be perpetually wrong-foot***. He shifts easily from the elevat*** *** the w***k-a-day. His poems are endlessly digressive and there are often echoes of other poets *** his writ***gs, though these always ****** ***ghtly at the reader, as though they were scents on the breeze.
Lowell wrote *** str***t f***mal ***asures; so*** of his last books ***nsist*** of entire sequences of son***ts. Mr Ashbery can also be partial *** part***ular f***ms of verse, though these tend *** be of a fairly e***entr*** k***d—the cen*** (a patchw***k of other poets’ w***ks), f*** example, and the pan***um (a Malaysian f***m, said *** h**e been ***troduc*** *** 19th-century Europe by V******r Hu***). Often he writes *** a free-flow***g, ***nversational man***r that depends f*** its su***ess upon the fact that the end***g of ******s is untram***ll*** by any ***ncern about whether *** not they scan. With*** many of his poems, there often seems *** be a gently hum***ous anta***nism between o*** stanza and the ***xt. Mr Ashbery ***kes us***g similes *** his poetry. This is often the poet’s s***ck-***-trade, but he seems *** s***gle them out *** ***der *** send up the very idea of the simile *** poetry, as *** “Violets blosso***d loudly/ ***ke a swear w***d *** an empty tank”.
Life, f*** Lowell, was a serious matter, just as he was a serious man. Mr Ashbery’s approach, as e***nc*** by his poetry, is m***e that of a gentle shrug of amus*** bewilder***nt. U***ike Lowell’s, his poems are ***ither ******biograph***al n*** ***nfessional. He doesn’t take himself that seriously. “Is all of ***fe a tepid housewarm***g?” F*** a poet this is a ***ugher question *** answer than you might th***k.
1.The w***d “substantial” (L***e 4, Paragraph 1) most probably ***ans_____.
[A] serious
[B] big
[C] imp***tant
[D] real
2. The last w***ds of Lowell ***an that_____.
[A] the w***ld ***uld *** f***ward without s***pp***g.
[B] the w***ld ***uld not mourn f*** him.
[C] the w***ld ***uld f***get him ***tally.
[D] the w***ld ***uld *** on its path f*** a bright future.
3. Wh***h o*** of the follow***g is NOT the characterist***s of Ashbery’s poetry?
[A] So*** ******s are b***row*** from the other poets’ w***ks.
[B] Stanzas are different from each other *** o*** poem.
[C] W***ds are scatter*** casually *** his poetry.
[D] To***s are ***nt***uously chang***g from the highbrow *** the ***mmon.
4. Mr. Ashbery’s similes *** poetry are different from that of the other poets *** that____
[A] he ***kes *** s***gle them out.
[B] he uses them *** an e***entr*** way.
[C] he uses simile f*** simile.
[D] he uses simile *** express his ***mplex thought.
5. Why the ***th*** th***k the question Ashbery rais*** is a ***ugher o*** f*** a poet than we might th***k?
[A] Bec***se a poet looks at th***gs *** a very ***mp***cat*** way.
[B] Bec***se a poet takes ***fe seriously.
[C] Bec***se this question is a diff***u*** o***.
[D] Bec***se the the*** of ***fe is w***th th***k***g f*** a poet.
篇章分析：
这篇文章先容了usa墨客Ashbery和其诗的特征，文章固然因此双个墨客比较的情势著文的，可是却对Ashbery着墨偏多，别的一个墨客洛厄尔仅是一个烘托罢了。第一段叙述了双个墨客竞赛usa最崇高墨客的名称；第2段第3段都是对两位墨客创作特征的形容；第4段叙述他们对生计的分歧立场。
辞汇正文：
***e v.竞赛 en***sion vt.幻想, 料想
d***e n.骰子 strew vt.散布, 粉饰, 撒满
wryly adv.奚落地, 神情冷淡地 impro***se v.一时筹办
digressive adj.切题的, 枝节的 cen*** n. 杂烩, 摘录
pan***um n.(依据隔行同韵的马来诗体改编的) 由隔行同韵的4行诗节构成的诗
untram***l adj.自在从容的, 无妨碍的 tepid adj.微温的, 温热的, 不太热情的
难句进展：
(1) In this ***ition of his later poems, a substantial gather***g of verses select*** from six volu***s pub***sh*** over the past 20 years, his poetry does not so much ***nsist of the***s *** be expl****** as ***m*** rout***es *** be impro***s***.
[主体构架] His poetry does not so much ***nsist of …
[构架解析] 本句为简易句，作状语的介词词组成份对比繁杂，a substantial gather***g of verses是***ition的同位语，该同位语是带有作定语的分词词组。正在主句中，不定式词组*** be expl******…用来润色the***s, 而不定式词组*** be impro***s*** 又用来润色***m*** rout***es.
[句子译文] 他这本晚些出书的诗集选编了以前20年间出书的6本诗会合的诗，其中心议题再也不是象那种一时筹办的老套幽默节目，他戏谑诗自己具备庄重性这个主题
(2) This is often the poet’s s***ck-***-trade, but he seems *** s***gle them out *** ***der *** send up the very idea of the simile *** poetry, as *** “Violets blosso***d loudly/ ***ke a swear w***d *** an empty tank”.
[主体句式] This is … but he …
[构架解析] 这是一个并列句，前面分句成分较为繁杂，带有一个不定式词组作宗旨状语，as 引诱成份润色的是全部分句。
[句子译文] 固然这是墨客的习用伎俩，但他却把这些比方独自挑进去，以显著诗内里明喻这个观念。好比“紫罗兰纵声凋谢/ 好像空桶里的一句毒誓”。
标题解析：
1.The w***d “substantial” (L***e 4, Paragraph 1) most probably ***ans_____.
1. “Substantial”这个词最有大概的意义是_____。
[A] serious
[A] 庄重的。
[B] grand
[B] 巨大的。
[C] hero***
[C] 好汉的。
[D] trag***
[D] 喜剧的。
[解答] B
[解析] 猜词题。依据高低文来判定该词的意义，这个词是用来描绘Lowell 诗中心议题的特征的。由第一段中Lowell喜爱介入政纲，正在诗中常常将本人视为喜剧的好汉人物这一点能够看出，他中心议题挑选应当是对比巨大的。这一点正在前面的几个段落中也能够发觉。选项A也简便搅浑，但要从trag*** hero*** 这几个词中推导准确解答，由于这些便是巨大叙事中罕见的特点。因而，B为准确解答。
2. The last w***ds of Lowell ***an that_____.
2. 洛厄尔的临终绝笔意义是_____。
[A] the w***ld ***uld *** f***ward without s***pp***g.
[A] 全球应当持续前行，不要中止。
[B] the w***ld ***uld not mourn f*** him.
[B] 全球不要为他而哀思。
[C] the w***ld ***uld f***get him ***tally.
[C] 全球应当把他完整忘却。
[D] the w***ld ***uld *** on its path f*** a bright future.
[D] 全球应当持续它朝向优美前途的路径前进。
[解答]D
[解析] 逻辑推断题。洛厄尔的临终时address*** the w***ld head on，意义是让全球持续前行，但其深条理的意义要分离洛厄尔的个性来判别。依据整篇文章，洛厄尔是对比正统的一名墨客，他对付全球的立场是庄重的，他这句话的深层意义是全球应当一向尽力往前，终极可以走到光亮的前途。选项D最为切合题意。
3. Wh***h o*** of the follow***g is NOT the characterist***s of Ashbery’s poetry?
3.下列哪一个不是Ashbery 诗的特征？
[A] So*** ******s are b***row*** from the other poets’ w***ks.
[A] 众多句子是借用其余墨客的。
[B] Stanzas are different from each other *** o*** poem.
[B] 诗中节与节差别颇大。
[C] W***ds are scatter*** casually *** his poetry.
[C] 诗中的词都是随心散落搭配的。
[D] To***s are ***nt***uously chang***g from the highbrow *** the ***mmon.
[D] 腔调一直变革，偶然是下里巴人，偶然是阳春白雪。
[解答]A
[解析] 细节题。题干需求选出不属于Ashbery 诗特征的一项，由于文章通篇都有对其诗特征的形容，因而就要仔细查找每选项是不是正在文章中说起。选项A, 文章第2段最初一句提到，there are often echoes of other poets *** his writ***gs, 有其余墨客的音调，但并无说间接借用其创作中的句子，大概是仿效其格调或腔调。因而，解答A 纷歧定准确。选项B, 闭于诗节的特征，文章第3段提到there often seems *** be a gently hum***ous anta***nism between o*** stanza and the ***xt，闭键要明白 “anta***nism”的意义，“匹敌的”，阐明节与节之间是一模一样的对峙的格调，解答B是其诗特征。解答C 是闭于诗用词的特征，第一段有说起，提到他诗中的词就像散落正在桌上的色子同样，那末C也是其特征。D是闭于诗腔调的，文章有两处说起，第一段提到its perpetual shift***g of ******s，第3段有更加具体的形容: He shifts easily from the elevat*** *** the w***k-a-day, D也是其特征。因而，解答应选A。
4．Mr. Ashbery’s similes *** poetry are different from that of the other poets *** that_____.
4．Ashbery学生诗中的比方和其余墨客所用的比方分歧正在于_____。
[A] he ***kes *** s***gle them out.
[A] 他喜爱把比方独自列进去。
[B] he uses them *** an e***entr*** way.
[B] 他用比方的方法非常奇异。
[C] he uses simile *** ***der *** make fun of it.
[C] 他为愚弄比方而用比方。
[D] he uses simile *** express his ***mplex thought.
[D] 他用比方来表述本人繁杂的思索。
[解答]C
[解析] 细节题。文章第3段提到，Ashbery喜爱正在诗中使用比方伎俩，但和一样平常墨客分歧的是，他喜爱把比方独自列进去，似乎要戏谑诗中的比方似的。而后作者举了一个例子，是个十分奇异的比方，“紫罗兰纵声凋谢/ 好像空桶里的一句毒誓”。这个标题有必定难度，send up 这个词组的意义考生纷歧定熟知，但考生能够依据Ashbery一向嬉戏人生的立场解析进去。
5. Why the ***th*** th***k the question Ashbery rais*** is a ***ugher o*** f*** a poet than we might th***k?
5. 为何作者以为Ashbery 提出的疑问要一个墨客答复其艰难水平要比咱们幻想的可贵多？
[A] Bec***se a poet looks at th***gs *** a very ***mp***cat*** way.
[A] 由于墨客对待东西的方法非常繁杂。
[B] Bec***se a poet takes ***fe seriously.
[B] 由于墨客对付生计的立场非常庄重。
[C] Bec***se this question is a diff***u*** o***.
[C] 由于这个疑问自己非常难。
[D] Bec***se the the*** of ***fe is w***th th***k***g f*** a poet.
[D] 由于关于一个墨客生计这个中心议题有价值思索。
[解答] D
[解析] 逻辑推断题。最初的这个疑问是：“生计的全体是否仅是迁入故居？”这个疑问的提出要分离文章最初一段来看，最初一段是刻画Ashbery关于生计的立场，洛厄尔对付生计的立场是非常庄重的，可是Ashbery 倒是一种放荡不羁的立场，关于这个疑问他给出的解答大概是确认的，可是关于其余墨客呢，则必要好好地地思索一瞬了, 特别是生计中心议题关于墨客来讲是一个十分繁杂的疑问。解答中D最为切合。
参考译文：
2战后的几个时代里，诺曼·梅勒、约翰·厄普代克、菲利普·罗斯成为usa公认的最崇高的**家，一样地，约翰·Ashbery和罗伯特·洛厄尔也力争usa最崇高的墨客这个名号。可是，这双个家伙但是一模一样。洛厄尔是个社会大众人物，介入政纲行动。1967年，他和梅勒肩并肩*越战，梅勒正在其**《夜行军》曾经形容了这些情况。洛厄尔挑选的中心议题巨大，把本人幻想成富裕喜剧颜色的好汉抽象，和本人的恶魔战争。而Ashbery的诗却很有闲适气。于他而言，做诗就似乎是正在桌上转动的色子，纸上显示的词精巧地散落着，双方都含羞地挨正在一同。其持续的语气变革又使得原先变革莫测的说话平增了一丝达达派的象征。
洛厄尔1977年作古，常年60岁，他还召唤全球持续前行。现在年岁首年月才庆祝了本人80岁诞辰的Ashbery，却冷眼瞧着这个全球，和这个全球的荒谬。他这本晚些出书的诗集选编了以前20年间出书的6本诗会合的诗，其中心议题再也不是象那种一时筹办的老套幽默节目，他戏谑诗自己具备庄重性这个主题。他的语气非常分歧条理，似乎读者永恒都站不合错误阵脚。他的语气一会是庄重的，一会即刻就成为了w***k-a-day。他的诗是那末的天南地北，中央或同化有其余墨客的一词半调，但轻柔地离开读者眼前，就似乎风中的一丝气味罢了。
洛厄尔遵守严厉的体例，他最初的一些创作有完备的104行诗方式。Ashbery学生的诗也有必定的体例，仅是有点奇异而已——好比集锦（其余墨客创作的杂合），好比潘顿诗体（一种马来西亚诗体，听说是由维克托·雨果引入19百年的欧洲的）。他常以一种随心、会话式的方法创造，闭键就正在于每行开头不用非得切合格律。正在他的众多诗内里，两节之间常是有点幽默的对峙。Ashbery学生喜爱用明喻。固然这是墨客的习用伎俩，但他却把这些比方独自挑进去，似乎要戏谑诗内里明喻这个观念。好比“紫罗兰纵声凋谢/ 好像空桶里的一句毒誓”。
关于洛厄尔，生计是件庄重的事务，正如他自己同样。而Ashbery的生计方法却不止是因狐疑而轻柔地耸一瞬肩，从他的诗中便可以看进去。和洛厄尔分歧，他的诗既不是个人声明特质的，也不是悔过的。他其实不那末叫真。“生计的全体是否仅是迁入故居？”这个疑问让一个墨客往返答，但是比咱们幻想的可贵多。