常见Internet英语术语表

　　(Advanc*** Digital Netw***k)－－Usually refers *** a 56Kbps leas***-******.

　　Applet

　　A small J**a program that can be emb***d*** *** an HTML page. Applets differ from full-fl***g*** J**a app***cations *** that they are not allow*** *** a***ess certa*** resources on the local ***mputer, such as files and serial de***ces (modems, pr***ters, etc.), and are prohibit*** from ***mmun***at***g with most other ***mputers across a ***tw***k. The current rule is that an applet can o***y make an Inter***t ***n***ction *** the ***mputer from wh***h the applet was sent.

　　Archie

　　A ***ol (software) f*** f***d***g files s***r*** on anonymous FTP ***es. You ****** *** know the exact file na*** *** a sub str***g of it.

　　ARPANet

　　(Advanc*** Research Projects Agency Netw***k)－－The precurs*** *** the Inter***t. Develop*** *** the late 60's and early 70's by the US Depart***nt of Defense, as an experi***nt *** wide-area-***tw***k***g that would sur***ve a nuclear war.

　　ASCII

　　(USAn Standard ***de f*** Inf***mation Interchange)－－This is the de fac*** w***ld-wide standard f*** the ***de numbers us*** by ***mputers *** represent all the upper and lower-case Lat*** letters, numbers, punctuation, etc. There are 128 standard ASCII ***des each of wh***h can be represent*** by a 7 digit b***ary number: 0000000 through 1111111.

　　Backbo***

　　A high-spe*** ****** *** series of ***n***ctions that f***ms a maj*** pathway with*** a ***tw***k. The term is relative as a backbo*** *** a small ***tw***k will ***kely be much smaller than many non-backbo*** ******s *** a large ***tw***k.

　　Bandwidth

　　How much stuff you can send through a ***n***ction. Usually ***asur*** *** bits-per-se***nd. A full page of Eng***sh text is about 16,000 bits. A fast modem can move about 15,000 bits *** o*** se***nd. Full-motion full-screen ***deo would require roughly 10,000,000 bits-per-se***nd, depend***g on ***mpression.

　　B***d

　　In ***mmon usage the b***d rate of a modem is how many bits it can send *** receive per se***nd. Techn***ally, b***d is the number of ti***s per se***nd that the carrier signal shifts value - f*** example a 1200 bit-per-se***nd modem actually runs at 300 b***d, but it moves 4 bits per b***d (4 x 300 = 1200 bits per se***nd).

　　BBS

　　(Bullet*** Board System)－－A ***mputeriz*** ***et***g and announce***nt system that allows people *** carry on discussions, upload and dow***oad files, and make announce***nts without the people be***g ***n***ct*** *** the ***mputer at the sa*** ti***. There are many thousands (mil***ons?) of BBS's around the w***ld, most are very small, runn***g on a s***gle IBM clo*** PC with 1 *** 2 pho*** ******s. So*** are very large and the ****** between a BBS and a system ***ke ***mpuServe gets cross*** at so*** po***t, but it is not clearly drawn.

　　B***hex

　　(BINary HEXadecimal)－－A ***thod f*** ***nvert***g non-text files (non-ASCII) ****** ASCII. This is ********* bec***se Inter***t e-mail can o***y handle ASCII.

　　Bit

　　(B***ary DigIT)－－A s***gle digit number *** base-2, *** other w***ds, either a 1 *** a zero. The smallest unit of ***mputeriz*** data. Bandwidth is usually ***asur*** *** bits-per-se***nd.

　　BITNET

　　(Bec***se It's Ti*** NETw***k (*** Bec***se It's There NETw***k)) －－A ***tw***k of ***ucational ***es separate from the Inter***t, but e-mail is freely exchang*** between BITNET and the Inter***t. Listservs, the most popular f***m of e-mail discussion groups, ***ig***at*** on BITNET. BITNET mach***es are usually ma***fra***s runn***g the VMS operat***g system, and the ***tw***k is probably the o***y ***ternational ***tw***k that is shr***k***g.

　　Bps

　　(Bits-Per-Se***nd)－－A ***asure***nt of how fast data is mov*** from o*** place *** another. A 28.8 modem can move 28,800 bits per se***nd.

　　Browser

　　A C***ent program (software) that is us*** *** look at various k***ds of Inter***t resources.

　　BTW

　　(By The Way)－－A ***rthand append*** *** a ***m***nt written *** an o******e f***um.

　　Byte

　　A set of Bits that represent a s***gle character. Usually there are 8 Bits *** a Byte, so***ti***s m***e, depend***g on how the ***asure***nt is be***g made.